Release version 1.8.6

https://chatgpt.com/share/69432655-a948-800f-8c0d-353921cdf644

.github/workflows/test-e2e.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         distro: [arch, debian, ubuntu, fedora, centos]
-
+    env:
+      NIX_CONFIG: |
+        access-tokens = github.com=${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
         uses: actions/checkout@v4

.github/workflows/test-env-nix.yml

@@ -12,7 +12,9 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         distro: [arch, debian, ubuntu, fedora, centos]
-
+    env:
+      NIX_CONFIG: |
+        access-tokens = github.com=${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
         uses: actions/checkout@v4

.github/workflows/test-env-virtual.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         distro: [arch, debian, ubuntu, fedora, centos]
-
+    env:
+      NIX_CONFIG: |
+        access-tokens = github.com=${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
         uses: actions/checkout@v4

.github/workflows/test-integration.yml

@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ jobs:
   test-integration:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 30
-
+    env:
+      NIX_CONFIG: |
+        access-tokens = github.com=${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
         uses: actions/checkout@v4

.github/workflows/test-unit.yml

@@ -7,7 +7,9 @@ jobs:
   test-unit:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     timeout-minutes: 30
-
+    env:
+      NIX_CONFIG: |
+        access-tokens = github.com=${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
         uses: actions/checkout@v4

.github/workflows/test-virgin-root.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         distro: [arch, debian, ubuntu, fedora, centos]
-
+    env:
+      NIX_CONFIG: |
+        access-tokens = github.com=${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -19,27 +21,26 @@ jobs:
       - name: Show Docker version
         run: docker version
 
-      # 🔹 BUILD virgin image if missing
       - name: Build virgin container (${{ matrix.distro }})
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
           PKGMGR_DISTRO="${{ matrix.distro }}" make build-missing-virgin
 
-      # 🔹 RUN test inside virgin image
       - name: Virgin ${{ matrix.distro }} pkgmgr test (root)
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
 
           docker run --rm \
-            -v "$PWD":/src \
+            -v "$PWD":/opt/src/pkgmgr \
             -v pkgmgr_repos:/root/Repositories \
             -v pkgmgr_pip_cache:/root/.cache/pip \
-            -w /src \
+            -e NIX_CONFIG="${NIX_CONFIG}" \
+            -w /opt/src/pkgmgr \
             "pkgmgr-${{ matrix.distro }}-virgin" \
             bash -lc '
               set -euo pipefail
 
-              git config --global --add safe.directory /src
+              git config --global --add safe.directory /opt/src/pkgmgr
 
               make install
               make setup
@@ -50,5 +51,5 @@ jobs:
               pkgmgr version pkgmgr
 
               echo ">>> Running Nix-based: nix run .#pkgmgr -- version pkgmgr"
-              nix run /src#pkgmgr -- version pkgmgr
+              nix run /opt/src/pkgmgr#pkgmgr -- version pkgmgr
             '

.github/workflows/test-virgin-user.yml

@@ -11,7 +11,9 @@ jobs:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
         distro: [arch, debian, ubuntu, fedora, centos]
-
+    env:
+      NIX_CONFIG: |
+        access-tokens = github.com=${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout repository
         uses: actions/checkout@v4
@@ -19,20 +21,19 @@ jobs:
       - name: Show Docker version
         run: docker version
 
-      # 🔹 BUILD virgin image if missing
       - name: Build virgin container (${{ matrix.distro }})
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
           PKGMGR_DISTRO="${{ matrix.distro }}" make build-missing-virgin
 
-      # 🔹 RUN test inside virgin image as non-root
       - name: Virgin ${{ matrix.distro }} pkgmgr test (user)
         run: |
           set -euo pipefail
 
           docker run --rm \
-            -v "$PWD":/src \
+            -v "$PWD":/opt/src/pkgmgr \
-            -w /src \
+            -e NIX_CONFIG="${NIX_CONFIG}" \
+            -w /opt/src/pkgmgr \
             "pkgmgr-${{ matrix.distro }}-virgin" \
             bash -lc '
               set -euo pipefail
@@ -42,7 +43,7 @@ jobs:
               useradd -m dev
               echo "dev ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL" > /etc/sudoers.d/dev
               chmod 0440 /etc/sudoers.d/dev
-              chown -R dev:dev /src
+              chown -R dev:dev /opt/src/pkgmgr
 
               mkdir -p /nix/store /nix/var/nix /nix/var/log/nix /nix/var/nix/profiles
               chown -R dev:dev /nix
@@ -51,7 +52,7 @@ jobs:
 
               sudo -H -u dev env HOME=/home/dev PKGMGR_DISABLE_NIX_FLAKE_INSTALLER=1 bash -lc "
                 set -euo pipefail
-                cd /src
+                cd /opt/src/pkgmgr
 
                 make setup-venv
                 . \"\$HOME/.venvs/pkgmgr/bin/activate\"
@@ -59,6 +60,6 @@ jobs:
                 pkgmgr version pkgmgr
 
                 export NIX_REMOTE=local
-                nix run /src#pkgmgr -- version pkgmgr
+                nix run /opt/src/pkgmgr#pkgmgr -- version pkgmgr
               "
             '

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -1,3 +1,43 @@
+## [1.8.6] - 2025-12-17
+
+* Prevent Rate Limits during GitHub Nix Setups
+
+
+## [1.8.5] - 2025-12-17
+
+* * Clearer Git error handling, especially when a directory is not a Git repository.
+* More reliable repository verification with improved commit and GPG signature checks.
+* Better error messages and overall robustness when working with Git-based workflows.
+
+
+## [1.9.0] - 2025-12-17
+
+* Automated release.
+
+
+## [1.8.4] - 2025-12-17
+
+* * Made pkgmgr’s base-layer role explicit by standardizing the Docker/CI mount path to *`/opt/src/pkgmgr`*.
+
+
+## [1.8.3] - 2025-12-16
+
+* MIRRORS now supports plain URL entries, ensuring metadata-only sources like PyPI are recorded without ever being added to the Git configuration.
+
+
+## [1.8.2] - 2025-12-16
+
+* * ***pkgmgr tools code*** is more robust and predictable: it now fails early with clear errors if VS Code is not installed or a repository is not yet identified.
+
+
+## [1.8.1] - 2025-12-16
+
+* * Improved stability and consistency of all Git operations (clone, pull, push, release, branch handling) with clearer error messages and predictable preview behavior.
+* Mirrors are now handled cleanly: only valid Git remotes are used for Git operations, while non-Git URLs (e.g. PyPI) are excluded, preventing broken or confusing repository configs.
+* GitHub authentication is more robust: tokens are automatically resolved via the GitHub CLI (`gh`), invalid stored tokens are replaced, and interactive prompts occur only when necessary.
+* Repository creation and release workflows are more reliable, producing cleaner Git configurations and more predictable version handling.
+
+
 ## [1.8.0] - 2025-12-15
 
 * *** New Features: ***

Dockerfile

@@ -50,6 +50,6 @@ RUN set -euo pipefail; \
 # Entry point
 COPY scripts/docker/entry.sh /usr/local/bin/docker-entry.sh
 
-WORKDIR /src
+WORKDIR /opt/src/pkgmgr
 ENTRYPOINT ["/usr/local/bin/docker-entry.sh"]
 CMD ["pkgmgr", "--help"]

Makefile

@@ -10,6 +10,10 @@ DISTROS ?= arch debian ubuntu fedora centos
 PKGMGR_DISTRO ?= arch
 export PKGMGR_DISTRO
 
+# Nix Config Variable (To avoid rate limit)
+NIX_CONFIG ?=
+export NIX_CONFIG
+
 # ------------------------------------------------------------
 # Base images
 # (kept for documentation/reference; actual build logic is in scripts/build)

flake.nix

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@
         rec {
           pkgmgr = pyPkgs.buildPythonApplication {
             pname   = "package-manager";
-            version = "1.8.0";
+            version = "1.8.6";
 
             # Use the git repo as source
             src = ./.;

packaging/arch/PKGBUILD

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # Maintainer: Kevin Veen-Birkenbach <info@veen.world>
 
 pkgname=package-manager
-pkgver=1.8.0
+pkgver=1.8.6
 pkgrel=1
 pkgdesc="Local-flake wrapper for Kevin's package-manager (Nix-based)."
 arch=('any')

packaging/debian/changelog

@@ -1,3 +1,50 @@
+package-manager (1.8.6-1) unstable; urgency=medium
+
+  * Prevent Rate Limits during GitHub Nix Setups
+
+ -- Kevin Veen-Birkenbach <kevin@veen.world>  Wed, 17 Dec 2025 23:50:31 +0100
+
+package-manager (1.8.5-1) unstable; urgency=medium
+
+  * * Clearer Git error handling, especially when a directory is not a Git repository.
+* More reliable repository verification with improved commit and GPG signature checks.
+* Better error messages and overall robustness when working with Git-based workflows.
+
+ -- Kevin Veen-Birkenbach <kevin@veen.world>  Wed, 17 Dec 2025 22:15:48 +0100
+
+package-manager (1.9.0-1) unstable; urgency=medium
+
+  * Automated release.
+
+ -- Kevin Veen-Birkenbach <kevin@veen.world>  Wed, 17 Dec 2025 22:10:31 +0100
+
+package-manager (1.8.4-1) unstable; urgency=medium
+
+  * * Made pkgmgr’s base-layer role explicit by standardizing the Docker/CI mount path to *`/opt/src/pkgmgr`*.
+
+ -- Kevin Veen-Birkenbach <kevin@veen.world>  Wed, 17 Dec 2025 11:20:16 +0100
+
+package-manager (1.8.3-1) unstable; urgency=medium
+
+  * MIRRORS now supports plain URL entries, ensuring metadata-only sources like PyPI are recorded without ever being added to the Git configuration.
+
+ -- Kevin Veen-Birkenbach <kevin@veen.world>  Tue, 16 Dec 2025 19:49:51 +0100
+
+package-manager (1.8.2-1) unstable; urgency=medium
+
+  * * ***pkgmgr tools code*** is more robust and predictable: it now fails early with clear errors if VS Code is not installed or a repository is not yet identified.
+
+ -- Kevin Veen-Birkenbach <kevin@veen.world>  Tue, 16 Dec 2025 19:22:41 +0100
+
+package-manager (1.8.1-1) unstable; urgency=medium
+
+  * * Improved stability and consistency of all Git operations (clone, pull, push, release, branch handling) with clearer error messages and predictable preview behavior.
+* Mirrors are now handled cleanly: only valid Git remotes are used for Git operations, while non-Git URLs (e.g. PyPI) are excluded, preventing broken or confusing repository configs.
+* GitHub authentication is more robust: tokens are automatically resolved via the GitHub CLI (`gh`), invalid stored tokens are replaced, and interactive prompts occur only when necessary.
+* Repository creation and release workflows are more reliable, producing cleaner Git configurations and more predictable version handling.
+
+ -- Kevin Veen-Birkenbach <kevin@veen.world>  Tue, 16 Dec 2025 18:06:35 +0100
+
 package-manager (1.8.0-1) unstable; urgency=medium
 
   * *** New Features: ***

packaging/fedora/package-manager.spec

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 Name:           package-manager
-Version:        1.8.0
+Version:        1.8.6
 Release:        1%{?dist}
 Summary:        Wrapper that runs Kevin's package-manager via Nix flake
 
@@ -74,6 +74,32 @@ echo ">>> package-manager removed. Nix itself was not removed."
 /usr/lib/package-manager/
 
 %changelog
+* Wed Dec 17 2025 Kevin Veen-Birkenbach <kevin@veen.world> - 1.8.6-1
+- Prevent Rate Limits during GitHub Nix Setups
+
+* Wed Dec 17 2025 Kevin Veen-Birkenbach <kevin@veen.world> - 1.8.5-1
+- * Clearer Git error handling, especially when a directory is not a Git repository.
+* More reliable repository verification with improved commit and GPG signature checks.
+* Better error messages and overall robustness when working with Git-based workflows.
+
+* Wed Dec 17 2025 Kevin Veen-Birkenbach <kevin@veen.world> - 1.9.0-1
+- Automated release.
+
+* Wed Dec 17 2025 Kevin Veen-Birkenbach <kevin@veen.world> - 1.8.4-1
+- * Made pkgmgr’s base-layer role explicit by standardizing the Docker/CI mount path to *`/opt/src/pkgmgr`*.
+
+* Tue Dec 16 2025 Kevin Veen-Birkenbach <kevin@veen.world> - 1.8.3-1
+- MIRRORS now supports plain URL entries, ensuring metadata-only sources like PyPI are recorded without ever being added to the Git configuration.
+
+* Tue Dec 16 2025 Kevin Veen-Birkenbach <kevin@veen.world> - 1.8.2-1
+- * ***pkgmgr tools code*** is more robust and predictable: it now fails early with clear errors if VS Code is not installed or a repository is not yet identified.
+
+* Tue Dec 16 2025 Kevin Veen-Birkenbach <kevin@veen.world> - 1.8.1-1
+- * Improved stability and consistency of all Git operations (clone, pull, push, release, branch handling) with clearer error messages and predictable preview behavior.
+* Mirrors are now handled cleanly: only valid Git remotes are used for Git operations, while non-Git URLs (e.g. PyPI) are excluded, preventing broken or confusing repository configs.
+* GitHub authentication is more robust: tokens are automatically resolved via the GitHub CLI (`gh`), invalid stored tokens are replaced, and interactive prompts occur only when necessary.
+* Repository creation and release workflows are more reliable, producing cleaner Git configurations and more predictable version handling.
+
 * Mon Dec 15 2025 Kevin Veen-Birkenbach <kevin@veen.world> - 1.8.0-1
 - *** New Features: ***
 - **Silent Updates**: You can now use the `--silent` flag during installs and updates to suppress error messages for individual repositories and get a single summary at the end. This ensures the process continues even if some repositories fail, while still preserving interactive checks when not in silent mode.

pyproject.toml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ build-backend = "setuptools.build_meta"
 
 [project]
 name = "kpmx"
-version = "1.8.0"
+version = "1.8.6"
 description = "Kevin's package-manager tool (pkgmgr)"
 readme = "README.md"
 requires-python = ">=3.9"

scripts/docker/entry.sh

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 set -euo pipefail
 
-echo "[docker] Starting package-manager container"
+echo "[docker-pkgmgr] Starting package-manager container"
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Log distribution info
@@ -9,19 +9,19 @@ echo "[docker] Starting package-manager container"
 if [[ -f /etc/os-release ]]; then
   # shellcheck disable=SC1091
   . /etc/os-release
-  echo "[docker] Detected distro: ${ID:-unknown} (like: ${ID_LIKE:-})"
+  echo "[docker-pkgmgr] Detected distro: ${ID:-unknown} (like: ${ID_LIKE:-})"
 fi
 
-# Always use /src (mounted from host) as working directory
+# Always use /opt/src/pkgmgr (mounted from host) as working directory
-echo "[docker] Using /src as working directory"
+echo "[docker-pkgmgr] Using /opt/src/pkgmgr as working directory"
-cd /src
+cd /opt/src/pkgmgr
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
-# DEV mode: rebuild package-manager from the mounted /src tree
+# DEV mode: rebuild package-manager from the mounted /opt/src/pkgmgr tree
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 if [[ "${REINSTALL_PKGMGR:-0}" == "1" ]]; then
-  echo "[docker] DEV mode enabled (REINSTALL_PKGMGR=1)"
+  echo "[docker-pkgmgr] DEV mode enabled (REINSTALL_PKGMGR=1)"
-  echo "[docker] Rebuilding package-manager from /src via scripts/installation/package.sh..."
+  echo "[docker-pkgmgr] Rebuilding package-manager from /opt/src/pkgmgr via scripts/installation/package.sh..."
   bash scripts/installation/package.sh || exit 1
 fi
 
@@ -29,9 +29,9 @@ fi
 # Hand off to pkgmgr or arbitrary command
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 if [[ $# -eq 0 ]]; then
-  echo "[docker] No arguments provided. Showing pkgmgr help..."
+  echo "[docker-pkgmgr] No arguments provided. Showing pkgmgr help..."
   exec pkgmgr --help
 else
-  echo "[docker] Executing command: $*"
+  echo "[docker-pkgmgr] Executing command: $*"
   exec "$@"
 fi

scripts/installation/arch/package.sh

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ echo "[arch/package] Building Arch package (makepkg --nodeps) in an isolated bui
 SCRIPT_DIR="$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)"
 PROJECT_ROOT="$(cd "${SCRIPT_DIR}/../../.." && pwd)"
 
-# We must not build inside /src (mounted repo). Build in /tmp to avoid permission issues.
+# We must not build inside /opt/src/pkgmgr (mounted repo). Build in /tmp to avoid permission issues.
 BUILD_ROOT="/tmp/package-manager-arch-build"
 PKG_SRC_DIR="${PROJECT_ROOT}/packaging/arch"
 PKG_BUILD_DIR="${BUILD_ROOT}/packaging/arch"

scripts/test/test-e2e.sh

@@ -6,12 +6,13 @@ echo ">>> Running E2E tests: $PKGMGR_DISTRO"
 echo "============================================================"
 
 docker run --rm \
-  -v "$(pwd):/src" \
+  -v "$(pwd):/opt/src/pkgmgr" \
   -v "pkgmgr_nix_store_${PKGMGR_DISTRO}:/nix" \
   -v "pkgmgr_nix_cache_${PKGMGR_DISTRO}:/root/.cache/nix" \
   -e REINSTALL_PKGMGR=1 \
   -e TEST_PATTERN="${TEST_PATTERN}" \
-  --workdir /src \
+  -e NIX_CONFIG="${NIX_CONFIG}" \
+  --workdir /opt/src/pkgmgr \
   "pkgmgr-${PKGMGR_DISTRO}" \
   bash -lc '
     set -euo pipefail
@@ -40,14 +41,14 @@ docker run --rm \
     }
 
     # Mark the mounted repository as safe to avoid Git ownership errors.
-    # Newer Git (e.g. on Ubuntu) complains about the gitdir (/src/.git),
+    # Newer Git (e.g. on Ubuntu) complains about the gitdir (/opt/src/pkgmgr/.git),
-    # older versions about the worktree (/src). Nix turns "." into the
+    # older versions about the worktree (/opt/src/pkgmgr). Nix turns "." into the
-    # flake input "git+file:///src", which then uses Git under the hood.
+    # flake input "git+file:///opt/src/pkgmgr", which then uses Git under the hood.
     if command -v git >/dev/null 2>&1; then
       # Worktree path
-      git config --global --add safe.directory /src || true
+      git config --global --add safe.directory /opt/src/pkgmgr || true
       # Gitdir path shown in the "dubious ownership" error
-      git config --global --add safe.directory /src/.git || true
+      git config --global --add safe.directory /opt/src/pkgmgr/.git || true
       # Ephemeral CI containers: allow all paths as a last resort
       git config --global --add safe.directory "*" || true
     fi
@@ -55,6 +56,6 @@ docker run --rm \
     # Run the E2E tests inside the Nix development shell
     nix develop .#default --no-write-lock-file -c \
       python3 -m unittest discover \
-        -s /src/tests/e2e \
+        -s /opt/src/pkgmgr/tests/e2e \
         -p "$TEST_PATTERN"
   '

scripts/test/test-env-nix.sh

@@ -9,18 +9,19 @@ echo ">>> Image: ${IMAGE}"
 echo "============================================================"
 
 docker run --rm \
-  -v "$(pwd):/src" \
+  -v "$(pwd):/opt/src/pkgmgr" \
   -v "pkgmgr_nix_store_${PKGMGR_DISTRO}:/nix" \
   -v "pkgmgr_nix_cache_${PKGMGR_DISTRO}:/root/.cache/nix" \
-  --workdir /src \
+  --workdir /opt/src/pkgmgr \
   -e REINSTALL_PKGMGR=1 \
+  -e NIX_CONFIG="${NIX_CONFIG}" \
   "${IMAGE}" \
   bash -lc '
     set -euo pipefail
 
     if command -v git >/dev/null 2>&1; then
-      git config --global --add safe.directory /src || true
+      git config --global --add safe.directory /opt/src/pkgmgr || true
-      git config --global --add safe.directory /src/.git || true
+      git config --global --add safe.directory /opt/src/pkgmgr/.git || true
       git config --global --add safe.directory "*" || true
     fi
 
@@ -38,9 +39,9 @@ docker run --rm \
     # ------------------------------------------------------------
     # Retry helper for GitHub API rate-limit (HTTP 403)
     # ------------------------------------------------------------
-    if [[ -f /src/scripts/nix/lib/retry_403.sh ]]; then
+    if [[ -f /opt/src/pkgmgr/scripts/nix/lib/retry_403.sh ]]; then
       # shellcheck source=./scripts/nix/lib/retry_403.sh
-      source /src/scripts/nix/lib/retry_403.sh
+      source /opt/src/pkgmgr/scripts/nix/lib/retry_403.sh
     elif [[ -f ./scripts/nix/lib/retry_403.sh ]]; then
       # shellcheck source=./scripts/nix/lib/retry_403.sh
       source ./scripts/nix/lib/retry_403.sh

scripts/test/test-env-virtual.sh

@@ -17,8 +17,9 @@ echo
 # ------------------------------------------------------------
 if OUTPUT=$(docker run --rm \
     -e REINSTALL_PKGMGR=1 \
-    -v "$(pwd):/src" \
+    -v "$(pwd):/opt/src/pkgmgr" \
-    -w /src \
+    -w /opt/src/pkgmgr \
+    -e NIX_CONFIG="${NIX_CONFIG}" \
     "${IMAGE}" \
     bash -lc '
         set -euo pipefail

scripts/test/test-integration.sh

@@ -6,19 +6,20 @@ echo ">>> Running INTEGRATION tests in ${PKGMGR_DISTRO} container"
 echo "============================================================"
 
 docker run --rm \
-  -v "$(pwd):/src" \
+  -v "$(pwd):/opt/src/pkgmgr" \
   -v "pkgmgr_nix_store_${PKGMGR_DISTRO}:/nix" \
   -v "pkgmgr_nix_cache_${PKGMGR_DISTRO}:/root/.cache/nix" \
-  --workdir /src \
+  --workdir /opt/src/pkgmgr \
   -e REINSTALL_PKGMGR=1 \
   -e TEST_PATTERN="${TEST_PATTERN}" \
+  -e NIX_CONFIG="${NIX_CONFIG}" \
   "pkgmgr-${PKGMGR_DISTRO}" \
   bash -lc '
     set -e;
-    git config --global --add safe.directory /src || true;
+    git config --global --add safe.directory /opt/src/pkgmgr || true;
     nix develop .#default --no-write-lock-file -c \
       python3 -m unittest discover \
         -s tests/integration \
-        -t /src \
+        -t /opt/src/pkgmgr \
         -p "$TEST_PATTERN";
   '

scripts/test/test-unit.sh

@@ -6,19 +6,20 @@ echo ">>> Running UNIT tests in ${PKGMGR_DISTRO} container"
 echo "============================================================"
 
 docker run --rm \
-  -v "$(pwd):/src" \
+  -v "$(pwd):/opt/src/pkgmgr" \
   -v "pkgmgr_nix_cache_${PKGMGR_DISTRO}:/root/.cache/nix" \
   -v "pkgmgr_nix_store_${PKGMGR_DISTRO}:/nix" \
-  --workdir /src \
+  --workdir /opt/src/pkgmgr \
   -e REINSTALL_PKGMGR=1 \
   -e TEST_PATTERN="${TEST_PATTERN}" \
+  -e NIX_CONFIG="${NIX_CONFIG}" \
   "pkgmgr-${PKGMGR_DISTRO}" \
   bash -lc '
     set -e;
-    git config --global --add safe.directory /src || true;
+    git config --global --add safe.directory /opt/src/pkgmgr || true;
     nix develop .#default --no-write-lock-file -c \
       python3 -m unittest discover \
         -s tests/unit \
-        -t /src \
+        -t /opt/src/pkgmgr \
         -p "$TEST_PATTERN";
   '

src/pkgmgr/actions/branch/close_branch.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Optional
 
-from pkgmgr.core.git.errors import GitError
+from pkgmgr.core.git.errors import GitRunError
 from pkgmgr.core.git.queries import get_current_branch
 from pkgmgr.core.git.commands import (
     GitDeleteRemoteBranchError,
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ def close_branch(
     if not name:
         try:
             name = get_current_branch(cwd=cwd)
-        except GitError as exc:
+        except GitRunError as exc:
             raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to detect current branch: {exc}") from exc
 
     if not name:
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ def close_branch(
             print("Aborted closing branch.")
             return
 
-    # Execute workflow (commands raise specific GitError subclasses)
+    # Execute workflow (commands raise specific GitRunError subclasses)
     fetch("origin", cwd=cwd)
     checkout(target_base, cwd=cwd)
     pull("origin", target_base, cwd=cwd)

src/pkgmgr/actions/branch/drop_branch.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Optional
 
-from pkgmgr.core.git.errors import GitError
+from pkgmgr.core.git.errors import GitRunError
 from pkgmgr.core.git.queries import get_current_branch
 from pkgmgr.core.git.commands import (
     GitDeleteRemoteBranchError,
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ def drop_branch(
     if not name:
         try:
             name = get_current_branch(cwd=cwd)
-        except GitError as exc:
+        except GitRunError as exc:
             raise RuntimeError(f"Failed to detect current branch: {exc}") from exc
 
     if not name:

src/pkgmgr/actions/branch/open_branch.py

@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ def open_branch(
 
     resolved_base = resolve_base_branch(base_branch, fallback_base, cwd=cwd)
 
-    # Workflow (commands raise specific GitError subclasses)
+    # Workflow (commands raise specific GitBaseError subclasses)
     fetch("origin", cwd=cwd)
     checkout(resolved_base, cwd=cwd)
     pull("origin", resolved_base, cwd=cwd)

src/pkgmgr/actions/config/init.py

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ with the expected structure:
 
 For each discovered repository, the function:
   • derives provider, account, repository from the folder structure
-  • (optionally) determines the latest commit hash via git log
+  • (optionally) determines the latest commit hash via git
   • generates a unique CLI alias
   • marks ignore=True for newly discovered repos
   • skips repos already known in defaults or user config
@@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ For each discovered repository, the function:
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
-import subprocess
 from typing import Any, Dict
 
 from pkgmgr.core.command.alias import generate_alias
 from pkgmgr.core.config.save import save_user_config
+from pkgmgr.core.git.queries import get_latest_commit
 
 
 def config_init(
@@ -116,27 +116,18 @@ def config_init(
 
                 print(f"[ADD]      {provider}/{account}/{repo_name}")
 
-                # Determine commit hash
+                # Determine commit hash via git query
-                try:
+                verified_commit = get_latest_commit(repo_path) or ""
-                    result = subprocess.run(
+                if verified_commit:
-                        ["git", "log", "-1", "--format=%H"],
+                    print(f"[INFO]       Latest commit: {verified_commit}")
-                        cwd=repo_path,
+                else:
-                        stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
+                    print("[WARN]       Could not read commit (not a git repo or no commits).")
-                        stderr=subprocess.PIPE,
-                        text=True,
-                        check=True,
-                    )
-                    verified = result.stdout.strip()
-                    print(f"[INFO]       Latest commit: {verified}")
-                except Exception as exc:
-                    verified = ""
-                    print(f"[WARN]       Could not read commit: {exc}")
 
-                entry = {
+                entry: Dict[str, Any] = {
                     "provider": provider,
                     "account": account,
                     "repository": repo_name,
-                    "verified": {"commit": verified},
+                    "verified": {"commit": verified_commit},
                     "ignore": True,
                 }
 

src/pkgmgr/actions/mirror/git_remote.py

@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import os
 from typing import Optional, Set
 
-from pkgmgr.core.git.errors import GitError
+from pkgmgr.core.git.errors import GitRunError
 from pkgmgr.core.git.commands import (
     GitAddRemoteError,
     GitAddRemotePushUrlError,
@@ -12,14 +12,38 @@ from pkgmgr.core.git.commands import (
     add_remote_push_url,
     set_remote_url,
 )
-from pkgmgr.core.git.queries import (
+from pkgmgr.core.git.queries import get_remote_push_urls, list_remotes
-    get_remote_push_urls,
-    list_remotes,
-)
 
 from .types import MirrorMap, RepoMirrorContext, Repository
 
 
+def _is_git_remote_url(url: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    True only for URLs that should become git remotes / push URLs.
+
+    Accepted:
+      - git@host:owner/repo(.git)                (SCP-like SSH)
+      - ssh://git@host(:port)/owner/repo(.git)   (SSH URL)
+      - https://host/owner/repo.git              (HTTPS git remote)
+      - http://host/owner/repo.git               (rare, but possible)
+    Everything else (e.g. PyPI project page) stays metadata only.
+    """
+    u = (url or "").strip()
+    if not u:
+        return False
+
+    if u.startswith("git@"):
+        return True
+
+    if u.startswith("ssh://"):
+        return True
+
+    if (u.startswith("https://") or u.startswith("http://")) and u.endswith(".git"):
+        return True
+
+    return False
+
+
 def build_default_ssh_url(repo: Repository) -> Optional[str]:
     provider = repo.get("provider")
     account = repo.get("account")
@@ -35,25 +59,29 @@ def build_default_ssh_url(repo: Repository) -> Optional[str]:
     return f"git@{provider}:{account}/{name}.git"
 
 
+def _git_mirrors_only(m: MirrorMap) -> MirrorMap:
+    return {k: v for k, v in m.items() if v and _is_git_remote_url(v)}
+
+
 def determine_primary_remote_url(
     repo: Repository,
     ctx: RepoMirrorContext,
 ) -> Optional[str]:
     """
-    Priority order:
+    Priority order (GIT URLS ONLY):
-      1. origin from resolved mirrors
+      1. origin from resolved mirrors (if it is a git URL)
-      2. MIRRORS file order
+      2. first git URL from MIRRORS file (in file order)
-      3. config mirrors order
+      3. first git URL from config mirrors (in config order)
       4. default SSH URL
     """
     resolved = ctx.resolved_mirrors
-
+    origin = resolved.get("origin")
-    if resolved.get("origin"):
+    if origin and _is_git_remote_url(origin):
-        return resolved["origin"]
+        return origin
 
     for mirrors in (ctx.file_mirrors, ctx.config_mirrors):
         for _, url in mirrors.items():
-            if url:
+            if url and _is_git_remote_url(url):
                 return url
 
     return build_default_ssh_url(repo)
@@ -62,7 +90,7 @@ def determine_primary_remote_url(
 def has_origin_remote(repo_dir: str) -> bool:
     try:
         return "origin" in list_remotes(cwd=repo_dir)
-    except GitError:
+    except GitRunError:
         return False
 
 
@@ -82,16 +110,19 @@ def _ensure_additional_push_urls(
     preview: bool,
 ) -> None:
     """
-    Ensure all mirror URLs (except primary) are configured as additional push URLs for origin.
+    Ensure all *git* mirror URLs (except primary) are configured as additional
-    Preview is handled by the underlying git runner.
+    push URLs for origin.
+
+    Non-git URLs (like PyPI) are ignored and will never land in git config.
     """
-    desired: Set[str] = {u for u in mirrors.values() if u and u != primary}
+    git_only = _git_mirrors_only(mirrors)
+    desired: Set[str] = {u for u in git_only.values() if u and u != primary}
     if not desired:
         return
 
     try:
         existing = get_remote_push_urls("origin", cwd=repo_dir)
-    except GitError:
+    except GitRunError:
         existing = set()
 
     for url in sorted(desired - existing):
@@ -110,8 +141,8 @@ def ensure_origin_remote(
         return
 
     primary = determine_primary_remote_url(repo, ctx)
-    if not primary:
+    if not primary or not _is_git_remote_url(primary):
-        print("[WARN] No primary mirror URL could be determined.")
+        print("[WARN] No valid git primary mirror URL could be determined.")
         return
 
     # 1) Ensure origin exists
@@ -122,14 +153,13 @@ def ensure_origin_remote(
             print(f"[WARN] Failed to add origin remote: {exc}")
             return  # without origin we cannot reliably proceed
 
-    # 2) Ensure origin fetch+push URLs are correct (ALWAYS, even if origin already existed)
+    # 2) Ensure origin fetch+push URLs are correct
     try:
         _set_origin_fetch_and_push(repo_dir, primary, preview)
     except GitSetRemoteUrlError as exc:
-        # Do not abort: still try to add additional push URLs
         print(f"[WARN] Failed to set origin URLs: {exc}")
 
-    # 3) Ensure additional push URLs for mirrors
+    # 3) Ensure additional push URLs for mirrors (git urls only)
     try:
         _ensure_additional_push_urls(repo_dir, ctx.resolved_mirrors, primary, preview)
     except GitAddRemotePushUrlError as exc:

src/pkgmgr/actions/mirror/io.py

@@ -1,8 +1,9 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 import os
+from collections.abc import Iterable, Mapping
+from typing import Union
 from urllib.parse import urlparse
-from typing import Mapping
 
 from .types import MirrorMap, Repository
 
@@ -32,7 +33,7 @@ def read_mirrors_file(repo_dir: str, filename: str = "MIRRORS") -> MirrorMap:
     """
     Supports:
         NAME URL
-        URL  → auto name = hostname
+        URL  -> auto-generate name from hostname
     """
     path = os.path.join(repo_dir, filename)
     mirrors: MirrorMap = {}
@@ -52,7 +53,8 @@ def read_mirrors_file(repo_dir: str, filename: str = "MIRRORS") -> MirrorMap:
                 # Case 1: "name url"
                 if len(parts) == 2:
                     name, url = parts
-                # Case 2: "url" → auto-generate name
+
+                # Case 2: "url" -> auto name
                 elif len(parts) == 1:
                     url = parts[0]
                     parsed = urlparse(url)
@@ -67,21 +69,56 @@ def read_mirrors_file(repo_dir: str, filename: str = "MIRRORS") -> MirrorMap:
                     continue
 
                 mirrors[name] = url
+
     except OSError as exc:
         print(f"[WARN] Could not read MIRRORS file at {path}: {exc}")
 
     return mirrors
 
 
+MirrorsInput = Union[Mapping[str, str], Iterable[str]]
+
+
 def write_mirrors_file(
     repo_dir: str,
-    mirrors: Mapping[str, str],
+    mirrors: MirrorsInput,
     filename: str = "MIRRORS",
     preview: bool = False,
 ) -> None:
+    """
+    Write MIRRORS in one of two formats:
 
+    1) Mapping[str, str] -> "NAME URL" per line (legacy / compatible)
+    2) Iterable[str]     -> "URL" per line (new preferred)
+
+    Strings are treated as a single URL (not iterated character-by-character).
+    """
     path = os.path.join(repo_dir, filename)
-    lines = [f"{name} {url}" for name, url in sorted(mirrors.items())]
+
+    lines: list[str]
+
+    if isinstance(mirrors, Mapping):
+        items = [
+            (str(name), str(url))
+            for name, url in mirrors.items()
+            if url is not None and str(url).strip()
+        ]
+        items.sort(key=lambda x: (x[0], x[1]))
+        lines = [f"{name} {url}" for name, url in items]
+
+    else:
+        if isinstance(mirrors, (str, bytes)):
+            urls = [str(mirrors).strip()]
+        else:
+            urls = [
+                str(url).strip()
+                for url in mirrors
+                if url is not None and str(url).strip()
+            ]
+
+        urls = sorted(set(urls))
+        lines = urls
+
     content = "\n".join(lines) + ("\n" if lines else "")
 
     if preview:
@@ -94,5 +131,6 @@ def write_mirrors_file(
         with open(path, "w", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
             fh.write(content)
         print(f"[INFO] Wrote MIRRORS file at {path}")
+
     except OSError as exc:
         print(f"[ERROR] Failed to write MIRRORS file at {path}: {exc}")

src/pkgmgr/actions/mirror/setup_cmd.py

@@ -2,13 +2,29 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import List
 
+from pkgmgr.core.git.queries import probe_remote_reachable
+
 from .context import build_context
 from .git_remote import ensure_origin_remote, determine_primary_remote_url
-from pkgmgr.core.git.queries import probe_remote_reachable
 from .remote_provision import ensure_remote_repository
 from .types import Repository
 
 
+def _is_git_remote_url(url: str) -> bool:
+    # Keep the same filtering semantics as in git_remote.py (duplicated on purpose
+    # to keep setup_cmd independent of private helpers).
+    u = (url or "").strip()
+    if not u:
+        return False
+    if u.startswith("git@"):
+        return True
+    if u.startswith("ssh://"):
+        return True
+    if (u.startswith("https://") or u.startswith("http://")) and u.endswith(".git"):
+        return True
+    return False
+
+
 def _setup_local_mirrors_for_repo(
     repo: Repository,
     repositories_base_dir: str,
@@ -48,16 +64,23 @@ def _setup_remote_mirrors_for_repo(
             preview,
         )
 
-    if not ctx.resolved_mirrors:
+    # Probe only git URLs (do not try ls-remote against PyPI etc.)
+    # If there are no mirrors at all, probe the primary git URL.
+    git_mirrors = {k: v for k, v in ctx.resolved_mirrors.items() if _is_git_remote_url(v)}
+
+    if not git_mirrors:
         primary = determine_primary_remote_url(repo, ctx)
-        if not primary:
+        if not primary or not _is_git_remote_url(primary):
+            print("[INFO] No git mirrors to probe.")
+            print()
             return
+
         ok = probe_remote_reachable(primary, cwd=ctx.repo_dir)
         print("[OK]" if ok else "[WARN]", primary)
         print()
         return
 
-    for name, url in ctx.resolved_mirrors.items():
+    for name, url in git_mirrors.items():
         ok = probe_remote_reachable(url, cwd=ctx.repo_dir)
         print(f"[OK] {name}: {url}" if ok else f"[WARN] {name}: {url}")
 

src/pkgmgr/actions/release/files.py

@@ -24,6 +24,8 @@ import tempfile
 from datetime import date, datetime
 from typing import Optional, Tuple
 
+from pkgmgr.core.git.queries import get_config_value
+
 
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 # Editor helper for interactive changelog messages
@@ -74,10 +76,7 @@ def _open_editor_for_changelog(initial_message: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
         except OSError:
             pass
 
-    lines = [
+    lines = [line for line in content.splitlines() if not line.strip().startswith("#")]
-        line for line in content.splitlines()
-        if not line.strip().startswith("#")
-    ]
     return "\n".join(lines).strip()
 
 
@@ -85,6 +84,7 @@ def _open_editor_for_changelog(initial_message: Optional[str] = None) -> str:
 # File update helpers (pyproject + extra packaging + changelog)
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
+
 def update_pyproject_version(
     pyproject_path: str,
     new_version: str,
@@ -365,24 +365,6 @@ def update_changelog(
 # ---------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 
-def _get_git_config_value(key: str) -> Optional[str]:
-    """
-    Try to read a value from `git config --get <key>`.
-    """
-    try:
-        result = subprocess.run(
-            ["git", "config", "--get", key],
-            capture_output=True,
-            text=True,
-            check=False,
-        )
-    except Exception:
-        return None
-
-    value = result.stdout.strip()
-    return value or None
-
-
 def _get_debian_author() -> Tuple[str, str]:
     """
     Determine the maintainer name/email for debian/changelog entries.
@@ -396,9 +378,9 @@ def _get_debian_author() -> Tuple[str, str]:
         email = os.environ.get("GIT_AUTHOR_EMAIL")
 
     if not name:
-        name = _get_git_config_value("user.name")
+        name = get_config_value("user.name")
     if not email:
-        email = _get_git_config_value("user.email")
+        email = get_config_value("user.email")
 
     if not name:
         name = "Unknown Maintainer"

src/pkgmgr/actions/release/git_ops.py

@@ -1,73 +1,90 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import subprocess
+from pkgmgr.core.git.commands import (
-
+    fetch,
-from pkgmgr.core.git import GitError
+    pull_ff_only,
-
+    push,
-
+    tag_force_annotated,
-def run_git_command(cmd: str) -> None:
-    print(f"[GIT] {cmd}")
-    try:
-        subprocess.run(
-            cmd,
-            shell=True,
-            check=True,
-            text=True,
-            capture_output=True,
 )
-    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as exc:
+from pkgmgr.core.git.queries import get_upstream_ref, list_tags
-        print(f"[ERROR] Git command failed: {cmd}")
-        print(f"        Exit code: {exc.returncode}")
-        if exc.stdout:
-            print("\n" + exc.stdout)
-        if exc.stderr:
-            print("\n" + exc.stderr)
-        raise GitError(f"Git command failed: {cmd}") from exc
 
 
-def _capture(cmd: str) -> str:
+def ensure_clean_and_synced(*, preview: bool = False) -> None:
-    res = subprocess.run(cmd, shell=True, check=False, capture_output=True, text=True)
-    return (res.stdout or "").strip()
-
-
-def ensure_clean_and_synced(preview: bool = False) -> None:
     """
     Always run a pull BEFORE modifying anything.
     Uses --ff-only to avoid creating merge commits automatically.
     If no upstream is configured, we skip.
     """
-    upstream = _capture("git rev-parse --abbrev-ref --symbolic-full-name @{u} 2>/dev/null")
+    upstream = get_upstream_ref()
     if not upstream:
         print("[INFO] No upstream configured for current branch. Skipping pull.")
         return
 
-    if preview:
-        print("[PREVIEW] Would run: git fetch origin --prune --tags --force")
-        print("[PREVIEW] Would run: git pull --ff-only")
-        return
-
     print("[INFO] Syncing with remote before making any changes...")
-    run_git_command("git fetch origin --prune --tags --force")
+
-    run_git_command("git pull --ff-only")
+    # Mirrors old behavior:
+    #   git fetch origin --prune --tags --force
+    #   git pull --ff-only
+    fetch(remote="origin", prune=True, tags=True, force=True, preview=preview)
+    pull_ff_only(preview=preview)
+
+
+def _parse_v_tag(tag: str) -> tuple[int, ...] | None:
+    """
+    Parse tags like 'v1.2.3' into (1, 2, 3).
+    Returns None if parsing is not possible.
+    """
+    if not tag.startswith("v"):
+        return None
+
+    raw = tag[1:]
+    if not raw:
+        return None
+
+    parts = raw.split(".")
+    out: list[int] = []
+    for p in parts:
+        if not p.isdigit():
+            return None
+        out.append(int(p))
+    return tuple(out) if out else None
+
 
 def is_highest_version_tag(tag: str) -> bool:
     """
     Return True if `tag` is the highest version among all tags matching v*.
-    Comparison uses `sort -V` for natural version ordering.
+
+    We avoid shelling out to `sort -V` and implement a small vX.Y.Z parser.
+    Non-parseable v* tags are ignored for version comparison.
     """
-    all_v = _capture("git tag --list 'v*'")
+    all_v = list_tags("v*")
     if not all_v:
-        return True  # No tags yet, so the current tag is the highest
+        return True  # No tags yet -> current is highest by definition
 
-    # Get the latest tag in natural version order
+    parsed_current = _parse_v_tag(tag)
-    latest = _capture("git tag --list 'v*' | sort -V | tail -n1")
+    if parsed_current is None:
-    print(f"[INFO] Latest tag: {latest}, Current tag: {tag}")
+        # If the "current" tag isn't parseable, fall back to conservative behavior:
+        # treat it as highest only if it matches the max lexicographically.
+        latest_lex = max(all_v)
+        print(f"[INFO] Latest tag (lex): {latest_lex}, Current tag: {tag}")
+        return tag >= latest_lex
 
-    # Ensure that the current tag is always considered the highest if it's the latest one
+    parsed_all: list[tuple[int, ...]] = []
-    return tag >= latest  # Use comparison operator to consider all future tags
+    for t in all_v:
+        parsed = _parse_v_tag(t)
+        if parsed is not None:
+            parsed_all.append(parsed)
+
+    if not parsed_all:
+        # No parseable tags -> nothing to compare against
+        return True
+
+    latest = max(parsed_all)
+    print(f"[INFO] Latest tag (parsed): v{'.'.join(map(str, latest))}, Current tag: {tag}")
+    return parsed_current >= latest
 
 
-def update_latest_tag(new_tag: str, preview: bool = False) -> None:
+def update_latest_tag(new_tag: str, *, preview: bool = False) -> None:
     """
     Move the floating 'latest' tag to the newly created release tag.
 
@@ -78,15 +95,10 @@ def update_latest_tag(new_tag: str, preview: bool = False) -> None:
     target_ref = f"{new_tag}^{{}}"
     print(f"[INFO] Updating 'latest' tag to point at {new_tag} (commit {target_ref})...")
 
-    if preview:
+    tag_force_annotated(
-        print(
+        name="latest",
-            f'[PREVIEW] Would run: git tag -f -a latest {target_ref} '
+        target=target_ref,
-            f'-m "Floating latest tag for {new_tag}"'
+        message=f"Floating latest tag for {new_tag}",
+        preview=preview,
     )
-        print("[PREVIEW] Would run: git push origin latest --force")
+    push("origin", "latest", force=True, preview=preview)
-        return
-
-    run_git_command(
-        f'git tag -f -a latest {target_ref} -m "Floating latest tag for {new_tag}"'
-    )
-    run_git_command("git push origin latest --force")

src/pkgmgr/actions/release/workflow.py

@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ import sys
 from typing import Optional
 
 from pkgmgr.actions.branch import close_branch
-from pkgmgr.core.git import GitError
+from pkgmgr.core.git import GitRunError
+from pkgmgr.core.git.commands import add, commit, push, tag_annotated
 from pkgmgr.core.git.queries import get_current_branch
 from pkgmgr.core.repository.paths import resolve_repo_paths
 
@@ -21,7 +22,6 @@ from .files import (
 from .git_ops import (
     ensure_clean_and_synced,
     is_highest_version_tag,
-    run_git_command,
     update_latest_tag,
 )
 from .prompts import confirm_proceed_release, should_delete_branch
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ def _release_impl(
     # Determine current branch early
     try:
         branch = get_current_branch() or "main"
-    except GitError:
+    except GitRunError:
         branch = "main"
     print(f"Releasing on branch: {branch}")
 
@@ -126,12 +126,11 @@ def _release_impl(
     existing_files = [p for p in files_to_add if isinstance(p, str) and p and os.path.exists(p)]
 
     if preview:
-        for path in existing_files:
+        add(existing_files, preview=True)
-            print(f"[PREVIEW] Would run: git add {path}")
+        commit(commit_msg, all=True, preview=True)
-        print(f'[PREVIEW] Would run: git commit -am "{commit_msg}"')
+        tag_annotated(new_tag, tag_msg, preview=True)
-        print(f'[PREVIEW] Would run: git tag -a {new_tag} -m "{tag_msg}"')
+        push("origin", branch, preview=True)
-        print(f"[PREVIEW] Would run: git push origin {branch}")
+        push("origin", new_tag, preview=True)
-        print(f"[PREVIEW] Would run: git push origin {new_tag}")
 
         if is_highest_version_tag(new_tag):
             update_latest_tag(new_tag, preview=True)
@@ -145,15 +144,13 @@ def _release_impl(
                 print(f"[PREVIEW] Would ask whether to delete branch {branch} after release.")
         return
 
-    for path in existing_files:
+    add(existing_files, preview=False)
-        run_git_command(f"git add {path}")
+    commit(commit_msg, all=True, preview=False)
-
+    tag_annotated(new_tag, tag_msg, preview=False)
-    run_git_command(f'git commit -am "{commit_msg}"')
-    run_git_command(f'git tag -a {new_tag} -m "{tag_msg}"')
 
     # Push branch and ONLY the newly created version tag (no --tags)
-    run_git_command(f"git push origin {branch}")
+    push("origin", branch, preview=False)
-    run_git_command(f"git push origin {new_tag}")
+    push("origin", new_tag, preview=False)
 
     # Update 'latest' only if this is the highest version tag
     try:
@@ -161,7 +158,7 @@ def _release_impl(
             update_latest_tag(new_tag, preview=False)
         else:
             print(f"[INFO] Skipping 'latest' update (tag {new_tag} is not the highest).")
-    except GitError as exc:
+    except GitRunError as exc:
         print(f"[WARN] Failed to update floating 'latest' tag for {new_tag}: {exc}")
         print("'latest' tag was not updated.")
 

src/pkgmgr/actions/repository/clone.py

@@ -1,103 +1,132 @@
-import subprocess
+from __future__ import annotations
+
 import os
+from typing import Any, Dict, List, Optional
+
+from pkgmgr.core.git.commands import clone as git_clone, GitCloneError
 from pkgmgr.core.repository.dir import get_repo_dir
 from pkgmgr.core.repository.identifier import get_repo_identifier
 from pkgmgr.core.repository.verify import verify_repository
 
+Repository = Dict[str, Any]
+
+
+def _build_clone_url(repo: Repository, clone_mode: str) -> Optional[str]:
+    provider = repo.get("provider")
+    account = repo.get("account")
+    name = repo.get("repository")
+    replacement = repo.get("replacement")
+
+    if clone_mode == "ssh":
+        if not provider or not account or not name:
+            return None
+        return f"git@{provider}:{account}/{name}.git"
+
+    if clone_mode in ("https", "shallow"):
+        if replacement:
+            return f"https://{replacement}.git"
+        if not provider or not account or not name:
+            return None
+        return f"https://{provider}/{account}/{name}.git"
+
+    return None
+
+
 def clone_repos(
-    selected_repos, 
+    selected_repos: List[Repository],
     repositories_base_dir: str,
-    all_repos, 
+    all_repos: List[Repository],
     preview: bool,
     no_verification: bool,
-    clone_mode: str
+    clone_mode: str,
-    ):
+) -> None:
     for repo in selected_repos:
         repo_identifier = get_repo_identifier(repo, all_repos)
         repo_dir = get_repo_dir(repositories_base_dir, repo)
+
         if os.path.exists(repo_dir):
-            print(f"[INFO] Repository '{repo_identifier}' already exists at '{repo_dir}'. Skipping clone.")
+            print(
+                f"[INFO] Repository '{repo_identifier}' already exists at '{repo_dir}'. Skipping clone."
+            )
             continue
 
         parent_dir = os.path.dirname(repo_dir)
         os.makedirs(parent_dir, exist_ok=True)
-        # Build clone URL based on the clone_mode
+
-        # Build clone URL based on the clone_mode
+        clone_url = _build_clone_url(repo, clone_mode)
-        if clone_mode == "ssh":
+        if not clone_url:
-            clone_url = (
+            print(f"[WARNING] Cannot build clone URL for '{repo_identifier}'. Skipping.")
-                f"git@{repo.get('provider')}:"
-                f"{repo.get('account')}/"
-                f"{repo.get('repository')}.git"
-            )
-        elif clone_mode in ("https", "shallow"):
-            # Use replacement if defined, otherwise construct from provider/account/repository
-            if repo.get("replacement"):
-                clone_url = f"https://{repo.get('replacement')}.git"
-            else:
-                clone_url = (
-                    f"https://{repo.get('provider')}/"
-                    f"{repo.get('account')}/"
-                    f"{repo.get('repository')}.git"
-                )
-        else:
-            print(f"Unknown clone mode '{clone_mode}'. Aborting clone for {repo_identifier}.")
             continue
 
-        # Build base clone command
+        shallow = clone_mode == "shallow"
-        base_clone_cmd = "git clone"
+        mode_label = "HTTPS (shallow)" if shallow else clone_mode.upper()
-        if clone_mode == "shallow":
-            # Shallow clone: only latest state via HTTPS, no full history
-            base_clone_cmd += " --depth 1 --single-branch"
 
-        mode_label = "HTTPS (shallow)" if clone_mode == "shallow" else clone_mode.upper()
         print(
             f"[INFO] Attempting to clone '{repo_identifier}' using {mode_label} "
             f"from {clone_url} into '{repo_dir}'."
         )
 
-        if preview:
+        try:
-            print(f"[Preview] Would run: {base_clone_cmd} {clone_url} {repo_dir} in {parent_dir}")
+            args = []
-            result = subprocess.CompletedProcess(args=[], returncode=0)
+            if shallow:
-        else:
+                args += ["--depth", "1", "--single-branch"]
-            result = subprocess.run(
+            args += [clone_url, repo_dir]
-                f"{base_clone_cmd} {clone_url} {repo_dir}",
+
+            git_clone(
+                args,
                 cwd=parent_dir,
-                shell=True,
+                preview=preview,
             )
 
-        if result.returncode != 0:
+        except GitCloneError as exc:
-            # Only offer fallback if the original mode was SSH.
+            if clone_mode != "ssh":
-            if clone_mode == "ssh":
+                print(f"[WARNING] Clone failed for '{repo_identifier}': {exc}")
-                print(f"[WARNING] SSH clone failed for '{repo_identifier}' with return code {result.returncode}.")
+                continue
-                choice = input("Do you want to attempt HTTPS clone instead? (y/N): ").strip().lower()
+
-                if choice == 'y':
+            print(f"[WARNING] SSH clone failed for '{repo_identifier}': {exc}")
-                    # Attempt HTTPS clone
+            choice = input("Do you want to attempt HTTPS clone instead? (y/N): ").strip().lower()
-                    if repo.get("replacement"):
+            if choice != "y":
-                        clone_url = f"https://{repo.get('replacement')}.git"
+                print(f"[INFO] HTTPS clone not attempted for '{repo_identifier}'.")
-                    else:
+                continue
-                        clone_url = f"https://{repo.get('provider')}/{repo.get('account')}/{repo.get('repository')}.git"
+
-                    print(f"[INFO] Attempting to clone '{repo_identifier}' using HTTPS from {clone_url} into '{repo_dir}'.")
+            fallback_url = _build_clone_url(repo, "https")
-                    if preview:
+            if not fallback_url:
-                        print(f"[Preview] Would run: git clone {clone_url} {repo_dir} in {parent_dir}")
+                print(f"[WARNING] Cannot build HTTPS URL for '{repo_identifier}'.")
-                        result = subprocess.CompletedProcess(args=[], returncode=0)
+                continue
-                    else:
+
-                        result = subprocess.run(f"git clone {clone_url} {repo_dir}", cwd=parent_dir, shell=True)
+            print(
-                else:
+                f"[INFO] Attempting to clone '{repo_identifier}' using HTTPS "
-                    print(f"[INFO] HTTPS clone not attempted for '{repo_identifier}'.")
+                f"from {fallback_url} into '{repo_dir}'."
-                    continue
+            )
-            else:
+
-                # For https mode, do not attempt fallback.
+            try:
-                print(f"[WARNING] HTTPS clone failed for '{repo_identifier}' with return code {result.returncode}.")
+                git_clone(
+                    [fallback_url, repo_dir],
+                    cwd=parent_dir,
+                    preview=preview,
+                )
+            except GitCloneError as exc2:
+                print(f"[WARNING] HTTPS clone failed for '{repo_identifier}': {exc2}")
                 continue
 
-        # After cloning, perform verification in local mode.
         verified_info = repo.get("verified")
-        if verified_info:
+        if not verified_info:
-            verified_ok, errors, commit_hash, signing_key = verify_repository(repo, repo_dir, mode="local", no_verification=no_verification)
+            continue
-            if not no_verification and not verified_ok:
+
+        verified_ok, errors, _commit_hash, _signing_key = verify_repository(
+            repo,
+            repo_dir,
+            mode="local",
+            no_verification=no_verification,
+        )
+
+        if no_verification or verified_ok:
+            continue
+
         print(f"Warning: Verification failed for {repo_identifier} after cloning:")
         for err in errors:
             print(f"  - {err}")
+
         choice = input("Proceed anyway? (y/N): ").strip().lower()
         if choice != "y":
             print(f"Skipping repository {repo_identifier} due to failed verification.")

src/pkgmgr/actions/repository/create.py

@@ -1,257 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import os
-import re
-import subprocess
-from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Any, Dict, Optional, Tuple
-from urllib.parse import urlparse
-
-import yaml
-
-from pkgmgr.actions.mirror.io import write_mirrors_file
-from pkgmgr.actions.mirror.setup_cmd import setup_mirrors
-from pkgmgr.actions.repository.scaffold import render_default_templates
-from pkgmgr.core.command.alias import generate_alias
-from pkgmgr.core.config.save import save_user_config
-
-Repository = Dict[str, Any]
-
-_NAME_RE = re.compile(r"^[a-z0-9_-]+$")
-
-
-@dataclass(frozen=True)
-class RepoParts:
-    host: str
-    port: Optional[str]
-    owner: str
-    name: str
-
-
-def _run(cmd: str, cwd: str, preview: bool) -> None:
-    if preview:
-        print(f"[Preview] Would run in {cwd}: {cmd}")
-        return
-    subprocess.run(cmd, cwd=cwd, shell=True, check=True)
-
-
-def _git_get(key: str) -> str:
-    try:
-        out = subprocess.run(
-            f"git config --get {key}",
-            shell=True,
-            check=False,
-            capture_output=True,
-            text=True,
-        )
-        return (out.stdout or "").strip()
-    except Exception:
-        return ""
-
-
-def _split_host_port(host_with_port: str) -> Tuple[str, Optional[str]]:
-    if ":" in host_with_port:
-        host, port = host_with_port.split(":", 1)
-        return host, port or None
-    return host_with_port, None
-
-
-def _strip_git_suffix(name: str) -> str:
-    return name[:-4] if name.endswith(".git") else name
-
-
-def _parse_git_url(url: str) -> RepoParts:
-    if url.startswith("git@") and "://" not in url:
-        left, right = url.split(":", 1)
-        host = left.split("@", 1)[1]
-        path = right.lstrip("/")
-        owner, name = path.split("/", 1)
-        return RepoParts(host=host, port=None, owner=owner, name=_strip_git_suffix(name))
-
-    parsed = urlparse(url)
-    host = (parsed.hostname or "").strip()
-    port = str(parsed.port) if parsed.port else None
-    path = (parsed.path or "").strip("/")
-
-    if not host or not path or "/" not in path:
-        raise ValueError(f"Could not parse git URL: {url}")
-
-    owner, name = path.split("/", 1)
-    return RepoParts(host=host, port=port, owner=owner, name=_strip_git_suffix(name))
-
-
-def _parse_identifier(identifier: str) -> RepoParts:
-    ident = identifier.strip()
-
-    if "://" in ident or ident.startswith("git@"):
-        return _parse_git_url(ident)
-
-    parts = ident.split("/")
-    if len(parts) != 3:
-        raise ValueError("Identifier must be URL or 'provider(:port)/owner/repo'.")
-
-    host_with_port, owner, name = parts
-    host, port = _split_host_port(host_with_port)
-    return RepoParts(host=host, port=port, owner=owner, name=name)
-
-
-def _ensure_valid_repo_name(name: str) -> None:
-    if not name or not _NAME_RE.fullmatch(name):
-        raise ValueError("Repository name must match: lowercase a-z, 0-9, '_' and '-'.")
-
-
-def _repo_homepage(host: str, owner: str, name: str) -> str:
-    return f"https://{host}/{owner}/{name}"
-
-
-def _build_default_primary_url(parts: RepoParts) -> str:
-    if parts.port:
-        return f"ssh://git@{parts.host}:{parts.port}/{parts.owner}/{parts.name}.git"
-    return f"git@{parts.host}:{parts.owner}/{parts.name}.git"
-
-
-def _write_default_mirrors(repo_dir: str, primary: str, name: str, preview: bool) -> None:
-    mirrors = {"origin": primary, "pypi": f"https://pypi.org/project/{name}/"}
-    write_mirrors_file(repo_dir, mirrors, preview=preview)
-
-
-def _git_init_and_initial_commit(repo_dir: str, preview: bool) -> None:
-    _run("git init", cwd=repo_dir, preview=preview)
-    _run("git add -A", cwd=repo_dir, preview=preview)
-
-    if preview:
-        print(f'[Preview] Would run in {repo_dir}: git commit -m "Initial commit"')
-        return
-
-    subprocess.run('git commit -m "Initial commit"', cwd=repo_dir, shell=True, check=False)
-
-
-def _git_push_main_or_master(repo_dir: str, preview: bool) -> None:
-    _run("git branch -M main", cwd=repo_dir, preview=preview)
-    try:
-        _run("git push -u origin main", cwd=repo_dir, preview=preview)
-        return
-    except subprocess.CalledProcessError:
-        pass
-
-    try:
-        _run("git branch -M master", cwd=repo_dir, preview=preview)
-        _run("git push -u origin master", cwd=repo_dir, preview=preview)
-    except subprocess.CalledProcessError as exc:
-        print(f"[WARN] Push failed: {exc}")
-
-
-def create_repo(
-    identifier: str,
-    config_merged: Dict[str, Any],
-    user_config_path: str,
-    bin_dir: str,
-    *,
-    remote: bool = False,
-    preview: bool = False,
-) -> None:
-    parts = _parse_identifier(identifier)
-    _ensure_valid_repo_name(parts.name)
-
-    directories = config_merged.get("directories") or {}
-    base_dir = os.path.expanduser(str(directories.get("repositories", "~/Repositories")))
-    repo_dir = os.path.join(base_dir, parts.host, parts.owner, parts.name)
-
-    author_name = _git_get("user.name") or "Unknown Author"
-    author_email = _git_get("user.email") or "unknown@example.invalid"
-
-    homepage = _repo_homepage(parts.host, parts.owner, parts.name)
-    primary_url = _build_default_primary_url(parts)
-
-    repositories = config_merged.get("repositories") or []
-    exists = any(
-        (
-            r.get("provider") == parts.host
-            and r.get("account") == parts.owner
-            and r.get("repository") == parts.name
-        )
-        for r in repositories
-    )
-
-    if not exists:
-        new_entry: Repository = {
-            "provider": parts.host,
-            "port": parts.port,
-            "account": parts.owner,
-            "repository": parts.name,
-            "homepage": homepage,
-            "alias": generate_alias(
-                {"repository": parts.name, "provider": parts.host, "account": parts.owner},
-                bin_dir,
-                existing_aliases=set(),
-            ),
-            "verified": {},
-        }
-
-        if os.path.exists(user_config_path):
-            with open(user_config_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-                user_config = yaml.safe_load(f) or {}
-        else:
-            user_config = {"repositories": []}
-
-        user_config.setdefault("repositories", [])
-        user_config["repositories"].append(new_entry)
-
-        if preview:
-            print(f"[Preview] Would save user config: {user_config_path}")
-        else:
-            save_user_config(user_config, user_config_path)
-
-        config_merged.setdefault("repositories", []).append(new_entry)
-        repo = new_entry
-        print(f"[INFO] Added repository to configuration: {parts.host}/{parts.owner}/{parts.name}")
-    else:
-        repo = next(
-            r
-            for r in repositories
-            if (
-                r.get("provider") == parts.host
-                and r.get("account") == parts.owner
-                and r.get("repository") == parts.name
-            )
-        )
-        print(f"[INFO] Repository already in configuration: {parts.host}/{parts.owner}/{parts.name}")
-
-    if preview:
-        print(f"[Preview] Would ensure directory exists: {repo_dir}")
-    else:
-        os.makedirs(repo_dir, exist_ok=True)
-
-    tpl_context = {
-        "provider": parts.host,
-        "port": parts.port,
-        "account": parts.owner,
-        "repository": parts.name,
-        "homepage": homepage,
-        "author_name": author_name,
-        "author_email": author_email,
-        "license_text": f"All rights reserved by {author_name}",
-        "primary_remote": primary_url,
-    }
-
-    render_default_templates(repo_dir, context=tpl_context, preview=preview)
-    _git_init_and_initial_commit(repo_dir, preview=preview)
-
-    _write_default_mirrors(repo_dir, primary=primary_url, name=parts.name, preview=preview)
-
-    repo.setdefault("mirrors", {})
-    repo["mirrors"].setdefault("origin", primary_url)
-    repo["mirrors"].setdefault("pypi", f"https://pypi.org/project/{parts.name}/")
-
-    setup_mirrors(
-        selected_repos=[repo],
-        repositories_base_dir=base_dir,
-        all_repos=config_merged.get("repositories", []),
-        preview=preview,
-        local=True,
-        remote=True,
-        ensure_remote=bool(remote),
-    )
-
-    if remote:
-        _git_push_main_or_master(repo_dir, preview=preview)

src/pkgmgr/actions/repository/create/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any, Dict
+
+from .service import CreateRepoService
+
+RepositoryConfig = Dict[str, Any]
+
+__all__ = [
+    "CreateRepoService",
+    "create_repo",
+]
+
+
+def create_repo(
+    identifier: str,
+    config_merged: RepositoryConfig,
+    user_config_path: str,
+    bin_dir: str,
+    *,
+    remote: bool = False,
+    preview: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    CreateRepoService(
+        config_merged=config_merged,
+        user_config_path=user_config_path,
+        bin_dir=bin_dir,
+    ).run(identifier=identifier, preview=preview, remote=remote)

src/pkgmgr/actions/repository/create/config_writer.py

@@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from typing import Dict, Any, Set
+
+import yaml
+
+from pkgmgr.core.command.alias import generate_alias
+from pkgmgr.core.config.save import save_user_config
+
+Repository = Dict[str, Any]
+
+
+class ConfigRepoWriter:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        config_merged: Dict[str, Any],
+        user_config_path: str,
+        bin_dir: str,
+    ):
+        self.config_merged = config_merged
+        self.user_config_path = user_config_path
+        self.bin_dir = bin_dir
+
+    def ensure_repo_entry(
+        self,
+        *,
+        host: str,
+        port: str | None,
+        owner: str,
+        name: str,
+        homepage: str,
+        preview: bool,
+    ) -> Repository:
+        repositories = self.config_merged.setdefault("repositories", [])
+
+        for repo in repositories:
+            if (
+                repo.get("provider") == host
+                and repo.get("account") == owner
+                and repo.get("repository") == name
+            ):
+                return repo
+
+        existing_aliases: Set[str] = {
+            str(r.get("alias")) for r in repositories if r.get("alias")
+        }
+
+        repo: Repository = {
+            "provider": host,
+            "port": port,
+            "account": owner,
+            "repository": name,
+            "homepage": homepage,
+            "alias": generate_alias(
+                {
+                    "repository": name,
+                    "provider": host,
+                    "account": owner,
+                },
+                self.bin_dir,
+                existing_aliases=existing_aliases,
+            ),
+            "verified": {},
+        }
+
+        if preview:
+            print(f"[Preview] Would add repository to config: {repo}")
+            return repo
+
+        if os.path.exists(self.user_config_path):
+            with open(self.user_config_path, "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                user_cfg = yaml.safe_load(f) or {}
+        else:
+            user_cfg = {}
+
+        user_cfg.setdefault("repositories", []).append(repo)
+        save_user_config(user_cfg, self.user_config_path)
+
+        repositories.append(repo)
+        print(f"[INFO] Added repository to configuration: {host}/{owner}/{name}")
+
+        return repo

src/pkgmgr/actions/repository/create/git_bootstrap.py

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pkgmgr.core.git.commands import (
+    GitCommitError,
+    GitPushUpstreamError,
+    add_all,
+    branch_move,
+    commit,
+    init,
+    push_upstream,
+)
+
+
+class GitBootstrapper:
+    def init_repo(self, repo_dir: str, preview: bool) -> None:
+        init(cwd=repo_dir, preview=preview)
+        add_all(cwd=repo_dir, preview=preview)
+        try:
+            commit("Initial commit", cwd=repo_dir, preview=preview)
+        except GitCommitError as exc:
+            print(f"[WARN] Initial commit failed (continuing): {exc}")
+
+    def push_default_branch(self, repo_dir: str, preview: bool) -> None:
+        try:
+            branch_move("main", cwd=repo_dir, preview=preview)
+            push_upstream("origin", "main", cwd=repo_dir, preview=preview)
+            return
+        except GitPushUpstreamError:
+            pass
+
+        try:
+            branch_move("master", cwd=repo_dir, preview=preview)
+            push_upstream("origin", "master", cwd=repo_dir, preview=preview)
+        except GitPushUpstreamError as exc:
+            print(f"[WARN] Push failed: {exc}")

src/pkgmgr/actions/repository/create/mirrors.py

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any, Dict
+
+from pkgmgr.actions.mirror.io import write_mirrors_file
+from pkgmgr.actions.mirror.setup_cmd import setup_mirrors
+
+Repository = Dict[str, Any]
+
+
+class MirrorBootstrapper:
+    """
+    MIRRORS is the single source of truth.
+
+    Defaults are written to MIRRORS and mirror setup derives
+    git remotes exclusively from that file (git URLs only).
+    """
+
+    def write_defaults(
+        self,
+        *,
+        repo_dir: str,
+        primary: str,
+        name: str,
+        preview: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        mirrors = {
+            primary,
+            f"https://pypi.org/project/{name}/",
+        }
+        write_mirrors_file(repo_dir, mirrors, preview=preview)
+
+    def setup(
+        self,
+        *,
+        repo: Repository,
+        repositories_base_dir: str,
+        all_repos: list[Repository],
+        preview: bool,
+        remote: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        # IMPORTANT:
+        # Do NOT set repo["mirrors"] here.
+        # MIRRORS file is the single source of truth.
+        setup_mirrors(
+            selected_repos=[repo],
+            repositories_base_dir=repositories_base_dir,
+            all_repos=all_repos,
+            preview=preview,
+            local=True,
+            remote=True,
+            ensure_remote=remote,
+        )

src/pkgmgr/actions/repository/create/model.py

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Optional
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class RepoParts:
+    host: str
+    port: Optional[str]
+    owner: str
+    name: str

src/pkgmgr/actions/repository/create/parser.py

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import re
+from typing import Tuple
+from urllib.parse import urlparse
+
+from .model import RepoParts
+
+_NAME_RE = re.compile(r"^[a-z0-9_-]+$")
+
+
+def parse_identifier(identifier: str) -> RepoParts:
+    ident = identifier.strip()
+
+    if "://" in ident or ident.startswith("git@"):
+        return _parse_git_url(ident)
+
+    parts = ident.split("/")
+    if len(parts) != 3:
+        raise ValueError("Identifier must be URL or 'provider(:port)/owner/repo'.")
+
+    host_with_port, owner, name = parts
+    host, port = _split_host_port(host_with_port)
+    _ensure_valid_repo_name(name)
+
+    return RepoParts(host=host, port=port, owner=owner, name=name)
+
+
+def _parse_git_url(url: str) -> RepoParts:
+    if url.startswith("git@") and "://" not in url:
+        left, right = url.split(":", 1)
+        host = left.split("@", 1)[1]
+        owner, name = right.lstrip("/").split("/", 1)
+        name = _strip_git_suffix(name)
+        _ensure_valid_repo_name(name)
+        return RepoParts(host=host, port=None, owner=owner, name=name)
+
+    parsed = urlparse(url)
+    host = parsed.hostname or ""
+    port = str(parsed.port) if parsed.port else None
+    path = (parsed.path or "").strip("/")
+
+    if not host or "/" not in path:
+        raise ValueError(f"Could not parse git URL: {url}")
+
+    owner, name = path.split("/", 1)
+    name = _strip_git_suffix(name)
+    _ensure_valid_repo_name(name)
+
+    return RepoParts(host=host, port=port, owner=owner, name=name)
+
+
+def _split_host_port(host: str) -> Tuple[str, str | None]:
+    if ":" in host:
+        h, p = host.split(":", 1)
+        return h, p or None
+    return host, None
+
+
+def _strip_git_suffix(name: str) -> str:
+    return name[:-4] if name.endswith(".git") else name
+
+
+def _ensure_valid_repo_name(name: str) -> None:
+    if not _NAME_RE.fullmatch(name):
+        raise ValueError(
+            "Repository name must match: lowercase a-z, 0-9, '_' and '-'."
+        )

src/pkgmgr/actions/repository/create/planner.py

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from typing import Dict, Any
+
+from .model import RepoParts
+
+
+class CreateRepoPlanner:
+    def __init__(self, parts: RepoParts, repositories_base_dir: str):
+        self.parts = parts
+        self.repositories_base_dir = os.path.expanduser(repositories_base_dir)
+
+    @property
+    def repo_dir(self) -> str:
+        return os.path.join(
+            self.repositories_base_dir,
+            self.parts.host,
+            self.parts.owner,
+            self.parts.name,
+        )
+
+    @property
+    def homepage(self) -> str:
+        return f"https://{self.parts.host}/{self.parts.owner}/{self.parts.name}"
+
+    @property
+    def primary_remote(self) -> str:
+        if self.parts.port:
+            return (
+                f"ssh://git@{self.parts.host}:{self.parts.port}/"
+                f"{self.parts.owner}/{self.parts.name}.git"
+            )
+        return f"git@{self.parts.host}:{self.parts.owner}/{self.parts.name}.git"
+
+    def template_context(
+        self,
+        *,
+        author_name: str,
+        author_email: str,
+    ) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+        return {
+            "provider": self.parts.host,
+            "port": self.parts.port,
+            "account": self.parts.owner,
+            "repository": self.parts.name,
+            "homepage": self.homepage,
+            "author_name": author_name,
+            "author_email": author_email,
+            "license_text": f"All rights reserved by {author_name}",
+            "primary_remote": self.primary_remote,
+        }

src/pkgmgr/actions/repository/create/service.py

@@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from typing import Dict, Any
+
+from pkgmgr.core.git.queries import get_config_value
+
+from .parser import parse_identifier
+from .planner import CreateRepoPlanner
+from .config_writer import ConfigRepoWriter
+from .templates import TemplateRenderer
+from .git_bootstrap import GitBootstrapper
+from .mirrors import MirrorBootstrapper
+
+
+class CreateRepoService:
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        *,
+        config_merged: Dict[str, Any],
+        user_config_path: str,
+        bin_dir: str,
+    ):
+        self.config_merged = config_merged
+        self.user_config_path = user_config_path
+        self.bin_dir = bin_dir
+
+        self.templates = TemplateRenderer()
+        self.git = GitBootstrapper()
+        self.mirrors = MirrorBootstrapper()
+
+    def run(
+        self,
+        *,
+        identifier: str,
+        preview: bool,
+        remote: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        parts = parse_identifier(identifier)
+
+        base_dir = self.config_merged.get("directories", {}).get(
+            "repositories", "~/Repositories"
+        )
+
+        planner = CreateRepoPlanner(parts, base_dir)
+
+        writer = ConfigRepoWriter(
+            config_merged=self.config_merged,
+            user_config_path=self.user_config_path,
+            bin_dir=self.bin_dir,
+        )
+
+        repo = writer.ensure_repo_entry(
+            host=parts.host,
+            port=parts.port,
+            owner=parts.owner,
+            name=parts.name,
+            homepage=planner.homepage,
+            preview=preview,
+        )
+
+        if preview:
+            print(f"[Preview] Would ensure directory exists: {planner.repo_dir}")
+        else:
+            os.makedirs(planner.repo_dir, exist_ok=True)
+
+        author_name = get_config_value("user.name") or "Unknown Author"
+        author_email = get_config_value("user.email") or "unknown@example.invalid"
+
+        self.templates.render(
+            repo_dir=planner.repo_dir,
+            context=planner.template_context(
+                author_name=author_name,
+                author_email=author_email,
+            ),
+            preview=preview,
+        )
+
+        self.git.init_repo(planner.repo_dir, preview=preview)
+
+        self.mirrors.write_defaults(
+            repo_dir=planner.repo_dir,
+            primary=planner.primary_remote,
+            name=parts.name,
+            preview=preview,
+        )
+
+        self.mirrors.setup(
+            repo=repo,
+            repositories_base_dir=os.path.expanduser(base_dir),
+            all_repos=self.config_merged.get("repositories", []),
+            preview=preview,
+            remote=remote,
+        )
+
+        if remote:
+            self.git.push_default_branch(planner.repo_dir, preview=preview)

src/pkgmgr/actions/repository/create/templates.py

@@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import os
+from pathlib import Path
+from typing import Dict, Any
+
+from pkgmgr.core.git.queries import get_repo_root
+
+try:
+    from jinja2 import Environment, FileSystemLoader, StrictUndefined
+except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover
+    Environment = None  # type: ignore
+    FileSystemLoader = None  # type: ignore
+    StrictUndefined = None  # type: ignore
+    _JINJA_IMPORT_ERROR = exc
+else:
+    _JINJA_IMPORT_ERROR = None
+
+
+class TemplateRenderer:
+    def __init__(self) -> None:
+        self.templates_dir = self._resolve_templates_dir()
+
+    def render(
+        self,
+        *,
+        repo_dir: str,
+        context: Dict[str, Any],
+        preview: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        if preview:
+            self._preview()
+            return
+
+        if Environment is None:
+            raise RuntimeError(
+                "Jinja2 is required but not available. "
+                f"Import error: {_JINJA_IMPORT_ERROR}"
+            )
+
+        env = Environment(
+            loader=FileSystemLoader(self.templates_dir),
+            undefined=StrictUndefined,
+            autoescape=False,
+            keep_trailing_newline=True,
+        )
+
+        for root, _, files in os.walk(self.templates_dir):
+            for fn in files:
+                if not fn.endswith(".j2"):
+                    continue
+
+                abs_src = os.path.join(root, fn)
+                rel_src = os.path.relpath(abs_src, self.templates_dir)
+                rel_out = rel_src[:-3]
+                abs_out = os.path.join(repo_dir, rel_out)
+
+                os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(abs_out), exist_ok=True)
+                template = env.get_template(rel_src)
+                rendered = template.render(**context)
+
+                with open(abs_out, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+                    f.write(rendered)
+
+    def _preview(self) -> None:
+        for root, _, files in os.walk(self.templates_dir):
+            for fn in files:
+                if fn.endswith(".j2"):
+                    rel = os.path.relpath(
+                        os.path.join(root, fn), self.templates_dir
+                    )
+                    print(f"[Preview] Would render template: {rel} -> {rel[:-3]}")
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def _resolve_templates_dir() -> str:
+        here = Path(__file__).resolve().parent
+        root = get_repo_root(cwd=str(here))
+        if not root:
+            raise RuntimeError("Could not determine repository root for templates.")
+        return os.path.join(root, "templates", "default")

src/pkgmgr/actions/repository/pull.py

@@ -1,25 +1,30 @@
-#!/usr/bin/env python3
+from __future__ import annotations
-# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
 
 import os
-import subprocess
 import sys
+from typing import List, Dict, Any
 
+from pkgmgr.core.git.commands import pull_args, GitPullArgsError
 from pkgmgr.core.repository.dir import get_repo_dir
 from pkgmgr.core.repository.identifier import get_repo_identifier
 from pkgmgr.core.repository.verify import verify_repository
 
+Repository = Dict[str, Any]
+
 
 def pull_with_verification(
-    selected_repos,
+    selected_repos: List[Repository],
-    repositories_base_dir,
+    repositories_base_dir: str,
-    all_repos,
+    all_repos: List[Repository],
-    extra_args,
+    extra_args: List[str],
-    no_verification,
+    no_verification: bool,
     preview: bool,
 ) -> None:
     """
     Execute `git pull` for each repository with verification.
+
+    - If verification fails and verification is enabled, prompt user to continue.
+    - Uses core.git.commands.pull_args() (no raw subprocess usage).
     """
     for repo in selected_repos:
         repo_identifier = get_repo_identifier(repo, all_repos)
@@ -37,12 +42,7 @@ def pull_with_verification(
             no_verification=no_verification,
         )
 
-        if (
+        if not preview and not no_verification and verified_info and not verified_ok:
-            not preview
-            and not no_verification
-            and verified_info
-            and not verified_ok
-        ):
             print(f"Warning: Verification failed for {repo_identifier}:")
             for err in errors:
                 print(f"  - {err}")
@@ -50,17 +50,10 @@ def pull_with_verification(
             if choice != "y":
                 continue
 
-        args_part = " ".join(extra_args) if extra_args else ""
+        try:
-        full_cmd = f"git pull{(' ' + args_part) if args_part else ''}"
+            pull_args(extra_args, cwd=repo_dir, preview=preview)
-
+        except GitPullArgsError as exc:
-        if preview:
+            # Keep behavior consistent with previous implementation:
-            print(f"[Preview] In '{repo_dir}': {full_cmd}")
+            # stop on first failure and propagate return code as generic failure.
-        else:
+            print(str(exc))
-            print(f"Running in '{repo_dir}': {full_cmd}")
+            sys.exit(1)
-            result = subprocess.run(full_cmd, cwd=repo_dir, shell=True, check=False)
-            if result.returncode != 0:
-                print(
-                    f"'git pull' for {repo_identifier} failed "
-                    f"with exit code {result.returncode}."
-                )
-                sys.exit(result.returncode)

src/pkgmgr/actions/repository/scaffold.py

@@ -1,105 +0,0 @@
-from __future__ import annotations
-
-import os
-import subprocess
-from pathlib import Path
-from typing import Any, Dict, Optional
-
-try:
-    from jinja2 import Environment, FileSystemLoader, StrictUndefined
-except Exception as exc:  # pragma: no cover
-    Environment = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
-    FileSystemLoader = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
-    StrictUndefined = None  # type: ignore[assignment]
-    _JINJA_IMPORT_ERROR = exc
-else:
-    _JINJA_IMPORT_ERROR = None
-
-
-def _repo_root_from_here(anchor: Optional[Path] = None) -> str:
-    """
-    Prefer git root (robust in editable installs / different layouts).
-    Fallback to a conservative relative parent lookup.
-    """
-    here = (anchor or Path(__file__)).resolve().parent
-    try:
-        r = subprocess.run(
-            ["git", "rev-parse", "--show-toplevel"],
-            cwd=str(here),
-            check=False,
-            capture_output=True,
-            text=True,
-        )
-        if r.returncode == 0:
-            top = (r.stdout or "").strip()
-            if top:
-                return top
-    except Exception:
-        pass
-
-    # Fallback: src/pkgmgr/actions/repository/scaffold.py -> <repo root> = parents[5]
-    p = (anchor or Path(__file__)).resolve()
-    if len(p.parents) < 6:
-        raise RuntimeError(f"Unexpected path depth for: {p}")
-    return str(p.parents[5])
-
-
-def _templates_dir() -> str:
-    return os.path.join(_repo_root_from_here(), "templates", "default")
-
-
-def render_default_templates(
-    repo_dir: str,
-    *,
-    context: Dict[str, Any],
-    preview: bool,
-) -> None:
-    """
-    Render templates/default/*.j2 into repo_dir.
-    Keeps create.py clean: create.py calls this function only.
-    """
-    tpl_dir = _templates_dir()
-    if not os.path.isdir(tpl_dir):
-        raise RuntimeError(f"Templates directory not found: {tpl_dir}")
-
-    # Preview mode: do not require Jinja2 at all. We only print planned outputs.
-    if preview:
-        for root, _, files in os.walk(tpl_dir):
-            for fn in files:
-                if not fn.endswith(".j2"):
-                    continue
-                abs_src = os.path.join(root, fn)
-                rel_src = os.path.relpath(abs_src, tpl_dir)
-                rel_out = rel_src[:-3]
-                print(f"[Preview] Would render template: {rel_src} -> {rel_out}")
-        return
-
-    if Environment is None or FileSystemLoader is None or StrictUndefined is None:
-        raise RuntimeError(
-            "Jinja2 is required for repo templates but is not available. "
-            f"Import error: {_JINJA_IMPORT_ERROR}"
-        )
-
-    env = Environment(
-        loader=FileSystemLoader(tpl_dir),
-        undefined=StrictUndefined,
-        autoescape=False,
-        keep_trailing_newline=True,
-    )
-
-    for root, _, files in os.walk(tpl_dir):
-        for fn in files:
-            if not fn.endswith(".j2"):
-                continue
-
-            abs_src = os.path.join(root, fn)
-            rel_src = os.path.relpath(abs_src, tpl_dir)
-            rel_out = rel_src[:-3]
-            abs_out = os.path.join(repo_dir, rel_out)
-
-            os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(abs_out), exist_ok=True)
-            template = env.get_template(rel_src)
-            rendered = template.render(**context)
-
-            with open(abs_out, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-                f.write(rendered)

src/pkgmgr/cli/commands/tools.py

@@ -1,64 +1,27 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-import json 
-import os 
-
 from typing import Any, Dict, List
 
 from pkgmgr.cli.context import CLIContext
+from pkgmgr.cli.tools import open_vscode_workspace
+from pkgmgr.cli.tools.paths import resolve_repository_path
 from pkgmgr.core.command.run import run_command
-from pkgmgr .core .repository .identifier import get_repo_identifier 
-from pkgmgr .core .repository .dir import get_repo_dir 
-
 
 Repository = Dict[str, Any]
 
 
-def _resolve_repository_path(repository: Repository, ctx: CLIContext) -> str:
-    """
-    Resolve the filesystem path for a repository.
-
-    Priority:
-      1. Use explicit keys if present (directory / path / workspace / workspace_dir).
-      2. Fallback to get_repo_dir(...) using the repositories base directory
-         from the CLI context.
-    """
-
-    # 1) Explicit path-like keys on the repository object
-    for key in ("directory", "path", "workspace", "workspace_dir"):
-        value = repository.get(key)
-        if value:
-            return value
-
-    # 2) Fallback: compute from base dir + repository metadata
-    base_dir = (
-        getattr(ctx, "repositories_base_dir", None)
-        or getattr(ctx, "repositories_dir", None)
-    )
-    if not base_dir:
-        raise RuntimeError(
-            "Cannot resolve repositories base directory from context; "
-            "expected ctx.repositories_base_dir or ctx.repositories_dir."
-        )
-
-    return get_repo_dir(base_dir, repository)
-
-
 def handle_tools_command(
     args,
     ctx: CLIContext,
     selected: List[Repository],
 ) -> None:
-
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------
     # nautilus "explore" command
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------
     if args.command == "explore":
         for repository in selected:
-            repo_path = _resolve_repository_path(repository, ctx)
+            repo_path = resolve_repository_path(repository, ctx)
-            run_command(
+            run_command(f'nautilus "{repo_path}" & disown')
-                f'nautilus "{repo_path}" & disown'
-            )
         return
 
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -66,50 +29,13 @@ def handle_tools_command(
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------
     if args.command == "terminal":
         for repository in selected:
-            repo_path = _resolve_repository_path(repository, ctx)
+            repo_path = resolve_repository_path(repository, ctx)
-            run_command(
+            run_command(f'gnome-terminal --tab --working-directory="{repo_path}"')
-                f'gnome-terminal --tab --working-directory="{repo_path}"'
-            )
         return
 
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------
     # VS Code workspace command
     # ------------------------------------------------------------------
     if args.command == "code":
-        if not selected:
+        open_vscode_workspace(ctx, selected)
-            print("No repositories selected.")
-            return 
-
-        identifiers = [
-            get_repo_identifier(repo, ctx.all_repositories)
-            for repo in selected
-        ]
-        sorted_identifiers = sorted(identifiers)
-        workspace_name = "_".join(sorted_identifiers) + ".code-workspace"
-
-        directories_cfg = ctx.config_merged.get("directories") or {}
-        workspaces_dir = os.path.expanduser(
-            directories_cfg.get("workspaces", "~/Workspaces")
-        )
-        os.makedirs(workspaces_dir, exist_ok=True)
-        workspace_file = os.path.join(workspaces_dir, workspace_name)
-
-        folders = [
-            {"path": _resolve_repository_path(repository, ctx)}
-            for repository in selected
-        ]
-
-        workspace_data = {
-            "folders": folders,
-            "settings": {},
-        }
-
-        if not os.path.exists(workspace_file):
-            with open(workspace_file, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
-                json.dump(workspace_data, f, indent=4)
-            print(f"Created workspace file: {workspace_file}")
-        else:
-            print(f"Using existing workspace file: {workspace_file}")
-
-        run_command(f'code "{workspace_file}"')
         return

src/pkgmgr/cli/tools/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from .vscode import open_vscode_workspace
+
+__all__ = ["open_vscode_workspace"]

src/pkgmgr/cli/tools/paths.py

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Any, Dict
+
+from pkgmgr.cli.context import CLIContext
+from pkgmgr.core.repository.dir import get_repo_dir
+
+Repository = Dict[str, Any]
+
+
+def resolve_repository_path(repository: Repository, ctx: CLIContext) -> str:
+    """
+    Resolve the filesystem path for a repository.
+
+    Priority:
+      1. Use explicit keys if present (directory / path / workspace / workspace_dir).
+      2. Fallback to get_repo_dir(...) using the repositories base directory
+         from the CLI context.
+    """
+    for key in ("directory", "path", "workspace", "workspace_dir"):
+        value = repository.get(key)
+        if value:
+            return value
+
+    base_dir = (
+        getattr(ctx, "repositories_base_dir", None)
+        or getattr(ctx, "repositories_dir", None)
+    )
+    if not base_dir:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "Cannot resolve repositories base directory from context; "
+            "expected ctx.repositories_base_dir or ctx.repositories_dir."
+        )
+
+    return get_repo_dir(base_dir, repository)

src/pkgmgr/cli/tools/vscode.py

@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import json
+import os
+import shutil
+from typing import Any, Dict, List
+
+from pkgmgr.cli.context import CLIContext
+from pkgmgr.cli.tools.paths import resolve_repository_path
+from pkgmgr.core.command.run import run_command
+from pkgmgr.core.repository.identifier import get_repo_identifier
+
+Repository = Dict[str, Any]
+
+
+def _ensure_vscode_cli_available() -> None:
+    """
+    Ensure that the VS Code CLI ('code') is available in PATH.
+    """
+    if shutil.which("code") is None:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "VS Code CLI ('code') not found in PATH.\n\n"
+            "Hint:\n"
+            "  Install Visual Studio Code and ensure the 'code' command is available.\n"
+            "  VS Code → Command Palette → 'Shell Command: Install code command in PATH'\n"
+        )
+
+
+def _ensure_identifiers_are_filename_safe(identifiers: List[str]) -> None:
+    """
+    Ensure identifiers can be used in a filename.
+
+    If an identifier contains '/', it likely means the repository has not yet
+    been explicitly identified (no short identifier configured).
+    """
+    invalid = [i for i in identifiers if "/" in i or os.sep in i]
+    if invalid:
+        raise RuntimeError(
+            "Cannot create VS Code workspace.\n\n"
+            "The following repositories are not yet identified "
+            "(identifier contains '/'): \n"
+            + "\n".join(f"  - {i}" for i in invalid)
+            + "\n\n"
+            "Hint:\n"
+            "  The repository has no short identifier yet.\n"
+            "  Add an explicit identifier in your configuration before using `pkgmgr tools code`.\n"
+        )
+
+
+def _resolve_workspaces_dir(ctx: CLIContext) -> str:
+    directories_cfg = ctx.config_merged.get("directories") or {}
+    return os.path.expanduser(directories_cfg.get("workspaces", "~/Workspaces"))
+
+
+def _build_workspace_filename(identifiers: List[str]) -> str:
+    sorted_identifiers = sorted(identifiers)
+    return "_".join(sorted_identifiers) + ".code-workspace"
+
+
+def _build_workspace_data(selected: List[Repository], ctx: CLIContext) -> Dict[str, Any]:
+    folders = [{"path": resolve_repository_path(repo, ctx)} for repo in selected]
+    return {
+        "folders": folders,
+        "settings": {},
+    }
+
+
+def open_vscode_workspace(ctx: CLIContext, selected: List[Repository]) -> None:
+    """
+    Create (if missing) and open a VS Code workspace for the selected repositories.
+
+    Policy:
+      - Fail with a clear error if VS Code CLI is missing.
+      - Fail with a clear error if any repository identifier contains '/', because that
+        indicates the repo has not been explicitly identified (no short identifier).
+      - Do NOT auto-sanitize identifiers and do NOT create subfolders under workspaces.
+    """
+    if not selected:
+        print("No repositories selected.")
+        return
+
+    _ensure_vscode_cli_available()
+
+    identifiers = [get_repo_identifier(repo, ctx.all_repositories) for repo in selected]
+    _ensure_identifiers_are_filename_safe(identifiers)
+
+    workspaces_dir = _resolve_workspaces_dir(ctx)
+    os.makedirs(workspaces_dir, exist_ok=True)
+
+    workspace_name = _build_workspace_filename(identifiers)
+    workspace_file = os.path.join(workspaces_dir, workspace_name)
+
+    workspace_data = _build_workspace_data(selected, ctx)
+
+    if not os.path.exists(workspace_file):
+        with open(workspace_file, "w", encoding="utf-8") as f:
+            json.dump(workspace_data, f, indent=4)
+        print(f"Created workspace file: {workspace_file}")
+    else:
+        print(f"Using existing workspace file: {workspace_file}")
+
+    run_command(f'code "{workspace_file}"')

src/pkgmgr/core/credentials/__init__.py

@@ -1,4 +1,3 @@
-# src/pkgmgr/core/credentials/__init__.py
 """Credential resolution for provider APIs."""
 
 from .resolver import ResolutionOptions, TokenResolver

src/pkgmgr/core/credentials/providers/__init__.py

@@ -3,9 +3,11 @@
 from .env import EnvTokenProvider
 from .keyring import KeyringTokenProvider
 from .prompt import PromptTokenProvider
+from .gh import GhTokenProvider
 
 __all__ = [
     "EnvTokenProvider",
     "KeyringTokenProvider",
     "PromptTokenProvider",
+    "GhTokenProvider",
 ]

src/pkgmgr/core/credentials/providers/gh.py

@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import shutil
+import subprocess
+from dataclasses import dataclass
+from typing import Optional
+
+from ..types import TokenRequest, TokenResult
+
+
+@dataclass(frozen=True)
+class GhTokenProvider:
+    """
+    Resolve a GitHub token via GitHub CLI (`gh auth token`).
+
+    This does NOT persist anything; it only reads what `gh` already knows.
+    """
+    source_name: str = "gh"
+
+    def get(self, request: TokenRequest) -> Optional[TokenResult]:
+        # Only meaningful for GitHub-like providers
+        kind = (request.provider_kind or "").strip().lower()
+        if kind not in ("github", "github.com"):
+            return None
+
+        if not shutil.which("gh"):
+            return None
+
+        host = (request.host or "").strip() or "github.com"
+
+        try:
+            out = subprocess.check_output(
+                ["gh", "auth", "token", "--hostname", host],
+                stderr=subprocess.STDOUT,
+                text=True,
+            ).strip()
+        except Exception:
+            return None
+
+        if not out:
+            return None
+
+        return TokenResult(token=out, source=self.source_name)

src/pkgmgr/core/credentials/resolver.py

@@ -6,9 +6,11 @@ from dataclasses import dataclass
 from typing import Optional
 
 from .providers.env import EnvTokenProvider
+from .providers.gh import GhTokenProvider
 from .providers.keyring import KeyringTokenProvider
 from .providers.prompt import PromptTokenProvider
 from .types import KeyringUnavailableError, NoCredentialsError, TokenRequest, TokenResult
+from .validate import validate_token
 
 
 @dataclass(frozen=True)
@@ -21,10 +23,24 @@ class ResolutionOptions:
 
 
 class TokenResolver:
-    """Resolve tokens from multiple sources (ENV -> Keyring -> Prompt)."""
+    """
+    Resolve tokens for provider APIs using the following policy:
+
+    0) ENV (explicit user intent) -> return as-is (do NOT persist)
+    1) GitHub CLI (gh)            -> if available and token validates, return
+    2) Keyring                    -> if token validates, return; if invalid and
+                                    interactive prompting is allowed, prompt and
+                                    OVERWRITE the keyring entry
+    3) Prompt                     -> prompt and (optionally) store in keyring
+
+    Notes:
+    - Keyring requires python-keyring.
+    - Token validation is provider-specific (currently GitHub cloud).
+    """
 
     def __init__(self) -> None:
         self._env = EnvTokenProvider()
+        self._gh = GhTokenProvider()
         self._keyring = KeyringTokenProvider()
         self._prompt = PromptTokenProvider()
         self._warned_keyring: bool = False
@@ -48,6 +64,33 @@ class TokenResolver:
         print("         sudo dnf install python3-keyring", file=sys.stderr)
         print("", file=sys.stderr)
 
+    def _prompt_and_maybe_store(
+        self,
+        request: TokenRequest,
+        opts: ResolutionOptions,
+    ) -> Optional[TokenResult]:
+        """
+        Prompt for a token and optionally store it in keyring.
+        If keyring is unavailable, still return the token for this run.
+        """
+        if not (opts.interactive and opts.allow_prompt):
+            return None
+
+        prompt_res = self._prompt.get(request)
+        if not prompt_res:
+            return None
+
+        if opts.save_prompt_token_to_keyring:
+            try:
+                self._keyring.set(request, prompt_res.token)  # overwrite is fine
+            except KeyringUnavailableError as exc:
+                self._warn_keyring_unavailable(exc)
+            except Exception:
+                # If keyring cannot store, still use token for this run.
+                pass
+
+        return prompt_res
+
     def get_token(
         self,
         provider_kind: str,
@@ -58,16 +101,29 @@ class TokenResolver:
         opts = options or ResolutionOptions()
         request = TokenRequest(provider_kind=provider_kind, host=host, owner=owner)
 
-        # 1) ENV
+        # 0) ENV (highest priority; explicit user intent)
         env_res = self._env.get(request)
         if env_res:
+            # Do NOT validate or persist env tokens automatically.
             return env_res
 
-        # 2) Keyring
+        # 1) GitHub CLI (gh) (auto-read; validate)
+        gh_res = self._gh.get(request)
+        if gh_res and validate_token(request.provider_kind, request.host, gh_res.token):
+            return gh_res
+
+        # 2) Keyring (validate; if invalid -> prompt + overwrite)
         try:
             kr_res = self._keyring.get(request)
             if kr_res:
+                if validate_token(request.provider_kind, request.host, kr_res.token):
                     return kr_res
+
+                # Token exists but seems invalid -> re-prompt and overwrite keyring.
+                renewed = self._prompt_and_maybe_store(request, opts)
+                if renewed:
+                    return renewed
+
         except KeyringUnavailableError as exc:
             # Show a helpful warning once, then continue (prompt fallback).
             self._warn_keyring_unavailable(exc)
@@ -76,21 +132,12 @@ class TokenResolver:
             pass
 
         # 3) Prompt (optional)
-        if opts.interactive and opts.allow_prompt:
+        prompt_res = self._prompt_and_maybe_store(request, opts)
-            prompt_res = self._prompt.get(request)
         if prompt_res:
-                if opts.save_prompt_token_to_keyring:
-                    try:
-                        self._keyring.set(request, prompt_res.token)
-                    except KeyringUnavailableError as exc:
-                        self._warn_keyring_unavailable(exc)
-                    except Exception:
-                        # If keyring cannot store, still use token for this run.
-                        pass
             return prompt_res
 
         raise NoCredentialsError(
             f"No token available for {provider_kind}@{host}"
             + (f" (owner: {owner})" if owner else "")
-            + ". Provide it via environment variable or keyring."
+            + ". Provide it via environment variable, keyring, or gh auth."
         )

src/pkgmgr/core/credentials/store_keys.py

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ def env_var_candidates(provider_kind: str, host: str, owner: Optional[str]) -> l
     candidates.append(f"PKGMGR_{kind}_TOKEN")
     candidates.append(f"PKGMGR_TOKEN_{kind}")
     candidates.append("PKGMGR_TOKEN")
+    
     return candidates
 
 

src/pkgmgr/core/credentials/validate.py

@@ -0,0 +1,40 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import urllib.request
+import json
+
+
+def validate_token(provider_kind: str, host: str, token: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Return True if token appears valid for the provider.
+    Currently implemented for GitHub only.
+    """
+    kind = (provider_kind or "").strip().lower()
+    host = (host or "").strip() or "github.com"
+    token = (token or "").strip()
+    if not token:
+        return False
+
+    if kind in ("github", "github.com") and host.lower() == "github.com":
+        req = urllib.request.Request(
+            "https://api.github.com/user",
+            headers={
+                "Authorization": f"Bearer {token}",
+                "Accept": "application/vnd.github+json",
+                "User-Agent": "pkgmgr",
+            },
+            method="GET",
+        )
+        try:
+            with urllib.request.urlopen(req, timeout=10) as resp:
+                if resp.status != 200:
+                    return False
+                # Optional: parse to ensure body is JSON
+                _ = json.loads(resp.read().decode("utf-8"))
+                return True
+        except Exception:
+            return False
+
+    # Unknown provider: don't hard-fail validation (conservative default)
+    # If you prefer strictness: return False here.
+    return True

src/pkgmgr/core/git/__init__.py

@@ -1,5 +1,8 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from .errors import GitRunError
+from .run import run
+
 """
 Lightweight helper functions around Git commands.
 
@@ -8,10 +11,7 @@ logic (release, version, changelog) does not have to deal with the
 details of subprocess handling.
 """
 
-from .errors import GitError
-from .run import run
-
 __all__ = [
-    "GitError",
+    "GitRunError",
-    "run"
+    "run",
 ]

src/pkgmgr/core/git/commands/__init__.py

@@ -1,25 +1,40 @@
+# src/pkgmgr/core/git/commands/__init__.py
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from .add import GitAddError, add
+from .add_all import GitAddAllError, add_all
+from .add_remote import GitAddRemoteError, add_remote
+from .add_remote_push_url import GitAddRemotePushUrlError, add_remote_push_url
+from .branch_move import GitBranchMoveError, branch_move
 from .checkout import GitCheckoutError, checkout
+from .clone import GitCloneError, clone
+from .commit import GitCommitError, commit
+from .create_branch import GitCreateBranchError, create_branch
 from .delete_local_branch import GitDeleteLocalBranchError, delete_local_branch
 from .delete_remote_branch import GitDeleteRemoteBranchError, delete_remote_branch
 from .fetch import GitFetchError, fetch
+from .init import GitInitError, init
 from .merge_no_ff import GitMergeError, merge_no_ff
 from .pull import GitPullError, pull
+from .pull_args import GitPullArgsError, pull_args
+from .pull_ff_only import GitPullFfOnlyError, pull_ff_only
 from .push import GitPushError, push
-from .create_branch import GitCreateBranchError, create_branch
 from .push_upstream import GitPushUpstreamError, push_upstream
-
-from .add_remote import GitAddRemoteError, add_remote
 from .set_remote_url import GitSetRemoteUrlError, set_remote_url
-from .add_remote_push_url import GitAddRemotePushUrlError, add_remote_push_url
+from .tag_annotated import GitTagAnnotatedError, tag_annotated
+from .tag_force_annotated import GitTagForceAnnotatedError, tag_force_annotated
 
 __all__ = [
+    "add",
+    "add_all",
     "fetch",
     "checkout",
     "pull",
+    "pull_args",
+    "pull_ff_only",
     "merge_no_ff",
     "push",
+    "commit",
     "delete_local_branch",
     "delete_remote_branch",
     "create_branch",
@@ -27,11 +42,21 @@ __all__ = [
     "add_remote",
     "set_remote_url",
     "add_remote_push_url",
+    "tag_annotated",
+    "tag_force_annotated",
+    "clone",
+    "init",
+    "branch_move",
+    "GitAddError",
+    "GitAddAllError",
     "GitFetchError",
     "GitCheckoutError",
     "GitPullError",
+    "GitPullArgsError",
+    "GitPullFfOnlyError",
     "GitMergeError",
     "GitPushError",
+    "GitCommitError",
     "GitDeleteLocalBranchError",
     "GitDeleteRemoteBranchError",
     "GitCreateBranchError",
@@ -39,4 +64,9 @@ __all__ = [
     "GitAddRemoteError",
     "GitSetRemoteUrlError",
     "GitAddRemotePushUrlError",
+    "GitTagAnnotatedError",
+    "GitTagForceAnnotatedError",
+    "GitCloneError",
+    "GitInitError",
+    "GitBranchMoveError",
 ]

src/pkgmgr/core/git/commands/add.py

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Iterable, List, Sequence, Union
+
+from ..errors import GitRunError, GitCommandError
+from ..run import run
+
+
+class GitAddError(GitCommandError):
+    """Raised when `git add` fails."""
+
+
+PathLike = Union[str, Sequence[str], Iterable[str]]
+
+
+def _normalize_paths(paths: PathLike) -> List[str]:
+    if isinstance(paths, str):
+        return [paths]
+    return [p for p in paths]
+
+
+def add(
+    paths: PathLike,
+    *,
+    cwd: str = ".",
+    preview: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Stage one or multiple paths.
+
+    Equivalent to:
+      git add <path...>
+    """
+    normalized = _normalize_paths(paths)
+    if not normalized:
+        return
+
+    try:
+        run(["add", *normalized], cwd=cwd, preview=preview)
+    except GitRunError as exc:
+        raise GitAddError(
+            f"Failed to add paths to staging area: {normalized!r}.",
+            cwd=cwd,
+        ) from exc

src/pkgmgr/core/git/commands/add_all.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ..errors import GitCommandError, GitRunError
+from ..run import run
+
+
+class GitAddAllError(GitCommandError):
+    """Raised when `git add -A` fails."""
+
+
+def add_all(*, cwd: str = ".", preview: bool = False) -> None:
+    """
+    Stage all changes (tracked + untracked).
+
+    Equivalent to:
+      git add -A
+    """
+    try:
+        run(["add", "-A"], cwd=cwd, preview=preview)
+    except GitRunError as exc:
+        raise GitAddAllError("Failed to stage all changes with `git add -A`.", cwd=cwd) from exc

src/pkgmgr/core/git/commands/add_remote.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from ..errors import GitError, GitCommandError
+from ..errors import GitRunError, GitCommandError
 from ..run import run
 
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ def add_remote(
             cwd=cwd,
             preview=preview,
         )
-    except GitError as exc:
+    except GitRunError as exc:
         raise GitAddRemoteError(
             f"Failed to add remote {name!r} with URL {url!r}.",
             cwd=cwd,

src/pkgmgr/core/git/commands/add_remote_push_url.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from ..errors import GitError, GitCommandError
+from ..errors import GitRunError, GitCommandError
 from ..run import run
 
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ def add_remote_push_url(
             cwd=cwd,
             preview=preview,
         )
-    except GitError as exc:
+    except GitRunError as exc:
         raise GitAddRemotePushUrlError(
             f"Failed to add push url {url!r} to remote {remote!r}.",
             cwd=cwd,

src/pkgmgr/core/git/commands/branch_move.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ..errors import GitRunError, GitCommandError
+from ..run import run
+
+
+class GitBranchMoveError(GitCommandError):
+    """Raised when renaming/moving a branch fails."""
+
+
+def branch_move(branch: str, *, cwd: str = ".", preview: bool = False) -> None:
+    """
+    Rename the current branch to `branch`, creating it if needed.
+
+    Equivalent to:
+      git branch -M <branch>
+    """
+    try:
+        run(["branch", "-M", branch], cwd=cwd, preview=preview)
+    except GitRunError as exc:
+        raise GitBranchMoveError(f"Failed to move/rename current branch to {branch!r}.", cwd=cwd) from exc

src/pkgmgr/core/git/commands/checkout.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from ..errors import GitError, GitCommandError
+from ..errors import GitRunError, GitCommandError
 from ..run import run
 
 
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class GitCheckoutError(GitCommandError):
 def checkout(branch: str, cwd: str = ".") -> None:
     try:
         run(["checkout", branch], cwd=cwd)
-    except GitError as exc:
+    except GitRunError as exc:
         raise GitCheckoutError(
             f"Failed to checkout branch {branch!r}.",
             cwd=cwd,

src/pkgmgr/core/git/commands/clone.py

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import List
+
+from ..errors import GitRunError, GitCommandError
+from ..run import run
+
+
+class GitCloneError(GitCommandError):
+    """Raised when `git clone` fails."""
+
+
+def clone(
+    args: List[str],
+    *,
+    cwd: str = ".",
+    preview: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Execute `git clone` with caller-provided arguments.
+
+    Examples:
+      ["https://example.com/repo.git", "/path/to/dir"]
+      ["--depth", "1", "--single-branch", url, dest]
+    """
+    try:
+        run(["clone", *args], cwd=cwd, preview=preview)
+    except GitRunError as exc:
+        raise GitCloneError(
+            f"Git clone failed with args={args!r}.",
+            cwd=cwd,
+        ) from exc

src/pkgmgr/core/git/commands/commit.py

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ..errors import GitRunError, GitCommandError
+from ..run import run
+
+
+class GitCommitError(GitCommandError):
+    """Raised when `git commit` fails."""
+
+
+def commit(
+    message: str,
+    *,
+    cwd: str = ".",
+    all: bool = False,
+    preview: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Create a commit.
+
+    Equivalent to:
+      git commit -m "<message>"
+    or (if all=True):
+      git commit -am "<message>"
+    """
+    args = ["commit"]
+    if all:
+        args.append("-a")
+    args += ["-m", message]
+
+    try:
+        run(args, cwd=cwd, preview=preview)
+    except GitRunError as exc:
+        raise GitCommitError(
+            "Failed to create commit.",
+            cwd=cwd,
+        ) from exc

src/pkgmgr/core/git/commands/create_branch.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from ..errors import GitError, GitCommandError
+from ..errors import GitRunError, GitCommandError
 from ..run import run
 
 
@@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ def create_branch(branch: str, base: str, cwd: str = ".") -> None:
     """
     try:
         run(["checkout", "-b", branch, base], cwd=cwd)
-    except GitError as exc:
+    except GitRunError as exc:
         raise GitCreateBranchError(
             f"Failed to create branch {branch!r} from base {base!r}.",
             cwd=cwd,

src/pkgmgr/core/git/commands/delete_local_branch.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from ..errors import GitError, GitCommandError
+from ..errors import GitRunError, GitCommandError
 from ..run import run
 
 
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ def delete_local_branch(branch: str, cwd: str = ".", force: bool = False) -> Non
     flag = "-D" if force else "-d"
     try:
         run(["branch", flag, branch], cwd=cwd)
-    except GitError as exc:
+    except GitRunError as exc:
         raise GitDeleteLocalBranchError(
             f"Failed to delete local branch {branch!r} (flag {flag}).",
             cwd=cwd,

src/pkgmgr/core/git/commands/delete_remote_branch.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from ..errors import GitError, GitCommandError
+from ..errors import GitRunError, GitCommandError
 from ..run import run
 
 
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class GitDeleteRemoteBranchError(GitCommandError):
 def delete_remote_branch(remote: str, branch: str, cwd: str = ".") -> None:
     try:
         run(["push", remote, "--delete", branch], cwd=cwd)
-    except GitError as exc:
+    except GitRunError as exc:
         raise GitDeleteRemoteBranchError(
             f"Failed to delete remote branch {branch!r} on {remote!r}.",
             cwd=cwd,

src/pkgmgr/core/git/commands/fetch.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from ..errors import GitError, GitCommandError
+from ..errors import GitRunError, GitCommandError
 from ..run import run
 
 
@@ -8,10 +8,32 @@ class GitFetchError(GitCommandError):
     """Raised when fetching from a remote fails."""
 
 
-def fetch(remote: str = "origin", cwd: str = ".") -> None:
+def fetch(
+    remote: str = "origin",
+    *,
+    prune: bool = False,
+    tags: bool = False,
+    force: bool = False,
+    cwd: str = ".",
+    preview: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Fetch from a remote, optionally with prune/tags/force.
+
+    Equivalent to:
+      git fetch <remote> [--prune] [--tags] [--force]
+    """
+    args = ["fetch", remote]
+    if prune:
+        args.append("--prune")
+    if tags:
+        args.append("--tags")
+    if force:
+        args.append("--force")
+
     try:
-        run(["fetch", remote], cwd=cwd)
+        run(args, cwd=cwd, preview=preview)
-    except GitError as exc:
+    except GitRunError as exc:
         raise GitFetchError(
             f"Failed to fetch from remote {remote!r}.",
             cwd=cwd,

src/pkgmgr/core/git/commands/init.py

@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ..errors import GitRunError, GitCommandError
+from ..run import run
+
+
+class GitInitError(GitCommandError):
+    """Raised when `git init` fails."""
+
+
+def init(*, cwd: str = ".", preview: bool = False) -> None:
+    """
+    Initialize a repository.
+
+    Equivalent to:
+      git init
+    """
+    try:
+        run(["init"], cwd=cwd, preview=preview)
+    except GitRunError as exc:
+        raise GitInitError("Failed to initialize git repository.", cwd=cwd) from exc

src/pkgmgr/core/git/commands/merge_no_ff.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from ..errors import GitError, GitCommandError
+from ..errors import GitRunError, GitCommandError
 from ..run import run
 
 
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class GitMergeError(GitCommandError):
 def merge_no_ff(branch: str, cwd: str = ".") -> None:
     try:
         run(["merge", "--no-ff", branch], cwd=cwd)
-    except GitError as exc:
+    except GitRunError as exc:
         raise GitMergeError(
             f"Failed to merge branch {branch!r} with --no-ff.",
             cwd=cwd,

src/pkgmgr/core/git/commands/pull.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from ..errors import GitError, GitCommandError
+from ..errors import GitRunError, GitCommandError
 from ..run import run
 
 
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ class GitPullError(GitCommandError):
 def pull(remote: str, branch: str, cwd: str = ".") -> None:
     try:
         run(["pull", remote, branch], cwd=cwd)
-    except GitError as exc:
+    except GitRunError as exc:
         raise GitPullError(
             f"Failed to pull {remote!r}/{branch!r}.",
             cwd=cwd,

src/pkgmgr/core/git/commands/pull_args.py

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import List
+
+from ..errors import GitRunError, GitCommandError
+from ..run import run
+
+
+class GitPullArgsError(GitCommandError):
+    """Raised when `git pull` with arbitrary args fails."""
+
+
+def pull_args(
+    args: List[str] | None = None,
+    *,
+    cwd: str = ".",
+    preview: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Execute `git pull` with caller-provided arguments.
+
+    Examples:
+      []                          -> git pull
+      ["--ff-only"]               -> git pull --ff-only
+      ["--rebase"]                -> git pull --rebase
+      ["origin", "main"]          -> git pull origin main
+    """
+    extra = args or []
+    try:
+        run(["pull", *extra], cwd=cwd, preview=preview)
+    except GitRunError as exc:
+        raise GitPullArgsError(
+            f"Failed to run `git pull` with args={extra!r}.",
+            cwd=cwd,
+        ) from exc

src/pkgmgr/core/git/commands/pull_ff_only.py

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ..errors import GitRunError, GitCommandError
+from ..run import run
+
+
+class GitPullFfOnlyError(GitCommandError):
+    """Raised when pulling with --ff-only fails."""
+
+
+def pull_ff_only(*, cwd: str = ".", preview: bool = False) -> None:
+    """
+    Pull using fast-forward only.
+
+    Equivalent to:
+      git pull --ff-only
+    """
+    try:
+        run(["pull", "--ff-only"], cwd=cwd, preview=preview)
+    except GitRunError as exc:
+        raise GitPullFfOnlyError(
+            "Failed to pull with --ff-only.",
+            cwd=cwd,
+        ) from exc

src/pkgmgr/core/git/commands/push.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from ..errors import GitError, GitCommandError
+from ..errors import GitRunError, GitCommandError
 from ..run import run
 
 
@@ -8,10 +8,27 @@ class GitPushError(GitCommandError):
     """Raised when pushing to a remote fails."""
 
 
-def push(remote: str, ref: str, cwd: str = ".") -> None:
+def push(
+    remote: str,
+    ref: str,
+    *,
+    force: bool = False,
+    cwd: str = ".",
+    preview: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Push a ref to a remote, optionally forced.
+
+    Equivalent to:
+      git push <remote> <ref> [--force]
+    """
+    args = ["push", remote, ref]
+    if force:
+        args.append("--force")
+
     try:
-        run(["push", remote, ref], cwd=cwd)
+        run(args, cwd=cwd, preview=preview)
-    except GitError as exc:
+    except GitRunError as exc:
         raise GitPushError(
             f"Failed to push ref {ref!r} to remote {remote!r}.",
             cwd=cwd,

src/pkgmgr/core/git/commands/push_upstream.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from ..errors import GitError, GitCommandError
+from ..errors import GitRunError, GitCommandError
 from ..run import run
 
 
@@ -8,15 +8,22 @@ class GitPushUpstreamError(GitCommandError):
     """Raised when pushing a branch with upstream tracking fails."""
 
 
-def push_upstream(remote: str, branch: str, cwd: str = ".") -> None:
+def push_upstream(
+    remote: str,
+    branch: str,
+    *,
+    cwd: str = ".",
+    preview: bool = False,
+) -> None:
     """
     Push a branch and set upstream tracking.
 
-    Equivalent to: git push -u <remote> <branch>
+    Equivalent to:
+      git push -u <remote> <branch>
     """
     try:
-        run(["push", "-u", remote, branch], cwd=cwd)
+        run(["push", "-u", remote, branch], cwd=cwd, preview=preview)
-    except GitError as exc:
+    except GitRunError as exc:
         raise GitPushUpstreamError(
             f"Failed to push branch {branch!r} to {remote!r} with upstream tracking.",
             cwd=cwd,

src/pkgmgr/core/git/commands/set_remote_url.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from ..errors import GitError, GitCommandError
+from ..errors import GitRunError, GitCommandError
 from ..run import run
 
 
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ def set_remote_url(
             cwd=cwd,
             preview=preview,
         )
-    except GitError as exc:
+    except GitRunError as exc:
         mode = "push" if push else "fetch"
         raise GitSetRemoteUrlError(
             f"Failed to set {mode} url for remote {remote!r} to {url!r}.",

src/pkgmgr/core/git/commands/tag_annotated.py

@@ -0,0 +1,30 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ..errors import GitRunError, GitCommandError
+from ..run import run
+
+
+class GitTagAnnotatedError(GitCommandError):
+    """Raised when creating an annotated tag fails."""
+
+
+def tag_annotated(
+    tag: str,
+    message: str,
+    *,
+    cwd: str = ".",
+    preview: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Create an annotated tag.
+
+    Equivalent to:
+      git tag -a <tag> -m "<message>"
+    """
+    try:
+        run(["tag", "-a", tag, "-m", message], cwd=cwd, preview=preview)
+    except GitRunError as exc:
+        raise GitTagAnnotatedError(
+            f"Failed to create annotated tag {tag!r}.",
+            cwd=cwd,
+        ) from exc

src/pkgmgr/core/git/commands/tag_force_annotated.py

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ..errors import GitRunError, GitCommandError
+from ..run import run
+
+
+class GitTagForceAnnotatedError(GitCommandError):
+    """Raised when forcing an annotated tag fails."""
+
+
+def tag_force_annotated(
+    name: str,
+    target: str,
+    message: str,
+    *,
+    cwd: str = ".",
+    preview: bool = False,
+) -> None:
+    """
+    Force-create an annotated tag pointing at a given target.
+
+    Equivalent to:
+      git tag -f -a <name> <target> -m "<message>"
+    """
+    try:
+        run(["tag", "-f", "-a", name, target, "-m", message], cwd=cwd, preview=preview)
+    except GitRunError as exc:
+        raise GitTagForceAnnotatedError(
+            f"Failed to force annotated tag {name!r} at {target!r}.",
+            cwd=cwd,
+        ) from exc

src/pkgmgr/core/git/errors.py

@@ -1,11 +1,19 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 
-class GitError(RuntimeError):
+class GitBaseError(RuntimeError):
     """Base error raised for Git related failures."""
 
+class GitRunError(GitBaseError):
+    """Base error raised for Git related failures."""
 
-class GitCommandError(GitError):
+class GitNotRepositoryError(GitBaseError):
+    """Raised when the current working directory is not a git repository."""
+
+class GitQueryError(GitRunError):
+    """Base class for read-only git query failures."""
+
+class GitCommandError(GitRunError):
     """
     Base class for state-changing git command failures.
 
@@ -13,4 +21,5 @@ class GitCommandError(GitError):
     """
     def __init__(self, message: str, *, cwd: str = ".") -> None:
         super().__init__(message)
+        if cwd in locals():
             self.cwd = cwd

src/pkgmgr/core/git/queries/__init__.py

@@ -1,18 +1,36 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
+from .get_changelog import GitChangelogQueryError, get_changelog
+from .get_config_value import get_config_value
 from .get_current_branch import get_current_branch
 from .get_head_commit import get_head_commit
-from .get_tags import get_tags
+from .get_latest_commit import get_latest_commit
-from .resolve_base_branch import GitBaseBranchNotFoundError, resolve_base_branch
+from .get_latest_signing_key import (
-from .list_remotes import list_remotes
+    GitLatestSigningKeyQueryError,
+    get_latest_signing_key,
+)
+from .get_remote_head_commit import (
+    GitRemoteHeadCommitQueryError,
+    get_remote_head_commit,
+)
 from .get_remote_push_urls import get_remote_push_urls
+from .get_repo_root import get_repo_root
+from .get_tags import get_tags
+from .get_tags_at_ref import GitTagsAtRefQueryError, get_tags_at_ref
+from .get_upstream_ref import get_upstream_ref
+from .list_remotes import list_remotes
+from .list_tags import list_tags
 from .probe_remote_reachable import probe_remote_reachable
-from .get_changelog import get_changelog, GitChangelogQueryError
+from .resolve_base_branch import GitBaseBranchNotFoundError, resolve_base_branch
-from .get_tags_at_ref import get_tags_at_ref, GitTagsAtRefQueryError
 
 __all__ = [
     "get_current_branch",
     "get_head_commit",
+    "get_latest_commit",
+    "get_latest_signing_key",
+    "GitLatestSigningKeyQueryError",
+    "get_remote_head_commit",
+    "GitRemoteHeadCommitQueryError",
     "get_tags",
     "resolve_base_branch",
     "GitBaseBranchNotFoundError",
@@ -23,4 +41,8 @@ __all__ = [
     "GitChangelogQueryError",
     "get_tags_at_ref",
     "GitTagsAtRefQueryError",
+    "get_config_value",
+    "get_upstream_ref",
+    "list_tags",
+    "get_repo_root",
 ]

src/pkgmgr/core/git/queries/get_changelog.py

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Optional
 
-from ..errors import GitError
+from ..errors import GitQueryError, GitRunError
 from ..run import run
 
 
-class GitChangelogQueryError(GitError):
+class GitChangelogQueryError(GitQueryError):
     """Raised when querying the git changelog fails."""
 
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ def get_changelog(
 
     try:
         return run(cmd, cwd=cwd)
-    except GitError as exc:
+    except GitRunError as exc:
         raise GitChangelogQueryError(
             f"Failed to query changelog for range {rev_range!r}.",
         ) from exc

src/pkgmgr/core/git/queries/get_config_value.py

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Optional
+
+from ..errors import GitRunError
+from ..run import run
+
+
+def _is_missing_key_error(exc: GitRunError) -> bool:
+    msg = str(exc).lower()
+
+    # Ensure we only swallow the expected case for THIS command.
+    if "git config --get" not in msg:
+        return False
+
+    # 'git config --get' returns exit code 1 when the key is not set.
+    return "exit code: 1" in msg
+
+def get_config_value(key: str, *, cwd: str = ".") -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Return a value from `git config --get <key>`, or None if not set.
+
+    We keep core.git.run() strict (check=True) and interpret the known
+    'not set' exit-code case here.
+    """
+    try:
+        output = run(["config", "--get", key], cwd=cwd)
+    except GitRunError as exc:
+        if _is_missing_key_error(exc):
+            return None
+        raise
+
+    output = output.strip()
+    return output or None

src/pkgmgr/core/git/queries/get_current_branch.py

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Optional
-from ..errors import GitError
+from ..errors import GitRunError
 from ..run import run
 
 
@@ -13,6 +13,6 @@ def get_current_branch(cwd: str = ".") -> Optional[str]:
     """
     try:
         output = run(["rev-parse", "--abbrev-ref", "HEAD"], cwd=cwd)
-    except GitError:
+    except GitRunError:
         return None
     return output or None

src/pkgmgr/core/git/queries/get_head_commit.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Optional
 
-from ..errors import GitError
+from ..errors import GitRunError
 from ..run import run
 
 
@@ -12,6 +12,6 @@ def get_head_commit(cwd: str = ".") -> Optional[str]:
     """
     try:
         output = run(["rev-parse", "HEAD"], cwd=cwd)
-    except GitError:
+    except GitRunError:
         return None
     return output or None

src/pkgmgr/core/git/queries/get_latest_commit.py

@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Optional
+
+from ..errors import GitRunError
+from ..run import run
+
+
+def get_latest_commit(cwd: str = ".") -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Return the latest commit hash for the repository in `cwd`.
+
+    Equivalent to:
+      git log -1 --format=%H
+
+    Returns:
+      The commit hash string, or None if it cannot be determined
+      (e.g. not a git repo, no commits, or other git failure).
+    """
+    try:
+        output = run(["log", "-1", "--format=%H"], cwd=cwd)
+    except GitRunError:
+        return None
+
+    output = output.strip()
+    return output or None

src/pkgmgr/core/git/queries/get_latest_signing_key.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ..errors import GitQueryError, GitRunError
+from ..run import run
+
+
+class GitLatestSigningKeyQueryError(GitQueryError):
+    """Raised when querying the latest commit signing key fails."""
+
+
+def get_latest_signing_key(*, cwd: str = ".") -> str:
+    """
+    Return the GPG signing key ID of the latest commit, via:
+
+      git log -1 --format=%GK
+
+    Returns:
+      The key id string (may be empty if commit is not signed).
+    """
+    try:
+        return run(["log", "-1", "--format=%GK"], cwd=cwd).strip()
+    except GitRunError as exc:
+        raise GitLatestSigningKeyQueryError(
+            "Failed to query latest signing key.",
+        ) from exc

src/pkgmgr/core/git/queries/get_remote_head_commit.py

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from ..errors import GitQueryError, GitRunError
+from ..run import run
+
+
+class GitRemoteHeadCommitQueryError(GitQueryError):
+    """Raised when querying the remote HEAD commit fails."""
+
+
+def get_remote_head_commit(
+    *,
+    remote: str = "origin",
+    ref: str = "HEAD",
+    cwd: str = ".",
+) -> str:
+    """
+    Return the commit hash for <remote> <ref> via:
+
+      git ls-remote <remote> <ref>
+
+    Returns:
+      The commit hash string (may be empty if remote/ref yields no output).
+    """
+    try:
+        out = run(["ls-remote", remote, ref], cwd=cwd).strip()
+    except GitRunError as exc:
+        raise GitRemoteHeadCommitQueryError(
+            f"Failed to query remote head commit for {remote!r} {ref!r}.",
+        ) from exc
+
+    # minimal parsing: first token is the hash
+    return (out.split()[0].strip() if out else "")

src/pkgmgr/core/git/queries/get_remote_push_urls.py

@@ -2,10 +2,8 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import Set
 
-from ..errors import GitError
 from ..run import run
 
-
 def get_remote_push_urls(remote: str, cwd: str = ".") -> Set[str]:
     """
     Return all push URLs configured for a remote.
@@ -13,7 +11,7 @@ def get_remote_push_urls(remote: str, cwd: str = ".") -> Set[str]:
     Equivalent to:
       git remote get-url --push --all <remote>
 
-    Raises GitError if the command fails.
+    Raises GitBaseError if the command fails.
     """
     output = run(["remote", "get-url", "--push", "--all", remote], cwd=cwd)
     if not output:

src/pkgmgr/core/git/queries/get_repo_root.py

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Optional
+
+from ..errors import GitRunError
+from ..run import run
+
+
+def get_repo_root(*, cwd: str = ".") -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Return the git repository root directory (top-level), or None if not available.
+
+    Equivalent to:
+      git rev-parse --show-toplevel
+    """
+    try:
+        out = run(["rev-parse", "--show-toplevel"], cwd=cwd)
+    except GitRunError:
+        return None
+
+    out = out.strip()
+    return out or None

src/pkgmgr/core/git/queries/get_tags.py

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import List
 
-from ..errors import GitError
+from ..errors import GitRunError
 from ..run import run
 
 
@@ -14,11 +14,10 @@ def get_tags(cwd: str = ".") -> List[str]:
     """
     try:
         output = run(["tag"], cwd=cwd)
-    except GitError as exc:
+    except GitRunError as exc:
         # If the repo is not a git repo, surface a clear error.
         if "not a git repository" in str(exc):
             raise
-        # Otherwise, treat as "no tags" (e.g., empty stdout).
         return []
 
     if not output:

src/pkgmgr/core/git/queries/get_tags_at_ref.py

@@ -2,11 +2,11 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import List
 
-from ..errors import GitError
+from ..errors import GitQueryError, GitRunError
 from ..run import run
 
 
-class GitTagsAtRefQueryError(GitError):
+class GitTagsAtRefQueryError(GitQueryError):
     """Raised when querying tags for a ref fails."""
 
 
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ def get_tags_at_ref(ref: str, *, cwd: str = ".") -> List[str]:
     """
     try:
         output = run(["tag", "--points-at", ref], cwd=cwd)
-    except GitError as exc:
+    except GitRunError as exc:
         raise GitTagsAtRefQueryError(
             f"Failed to query tags at ref {ref!r}.",
         ) from exc

src/pkgmgr/core/git/queries/get_upstream_ref.py

@@ -0,0 +1,25 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import Optional
+
+from ..errors import GitRunError
+from ..run import run
+
+
+def get_upstream_ref(*, cwd: str = ".") -> Optional[str]:
+    """
+    Return the configured upstream ref for the current branch, or None if none.
+
+    Equivalent to:
+      git rev-parse --abbrev-ref --symbolic-full-name @{u}
+    """
+    try:
+        out = run(
+            ["rev-parse", "--abbrev-ref", "--symbolic-full-name", "@{u}"],
+            cwd=cwd,
+        )
+    except GitRunError:
+        return None
+
+    out = out.strip()
+    return out or None

src/pkgmgr/core/git/queries/list_remotes.py

@@ -2,7 +2,6 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 
 from typing import List
 
-from ..errors import GitError
 from ..run import run
 
 
@@ -10,7 +9,7 @@ def list_remotes(cwd: str = ".") -> List[str]:
     """
     Return a list of configured git remotes (e.g. ['origin', 'upstream']).
 
-    Raises GitError if the command fails.
+    Raises GitBaseError if the command fails.
     """
     output = run(["remote"], cwd=cwd)
     if not output:

src/pkgmgr/core/git/queries/list_tags.py

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from typing import List
+
+from ..run import run
+
+
+def list_tags(pattern: str = "*", *, cwd: str = ".") -> List[str]:
+    """
+    List tags matching a pattern.
+
+    Equivalent to:
+      git tag --list <pattern>
+    """
+    out = run(["tag", "--list", pattern], cwd=cwd)
+    if not out:
+        return []
+    return [line.strip() for line in out.splitlines() if line.strip()]

src/pkgmgr/core/git/queries/probe_remote_reachable.py

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from ..errors import GitError
+from ..errors import GitRunError
 from ..run import run
 
 
@@ -17,5 +17,5 @@ def probe_remote_reachable(url: str, cwd: str = ".") -> bool:
     try:
         run(["ls-remote", "--exit-code", url], cwd=cwd)
         return True
-    except GitError:
+    except GitRunError:
         return False

src/pkgmgr/core/git/queries/resolve_base_branch.py

@@ -1,15 +1,14 @@
-# src/pkgmgr/core/git/queries/resolve_base_branch.py
 from __future__ import annotations
 
-from ..errors import GitError
+from ..errors import GitQueryError, GitRunError
 from ..run import run
 
 
-class GitBaseBranchNotFoundError(GitError):
+class GitBaseBranchNotFoundError(GitQueryError):
     """Raised when neither preferred nor fallback base branch exists."""
 
 
-def _is_branch_missing_error(exc: GitError) -> bool:
+def _is_branch_missing_error(exc: GitRunError) -> bool:
     """
     Heuristic: Detect errors that indicate the branch/ref does not exist.
 
@@ -46,15 +45,15 @@ def resolve_base_branch(
     fall back to `fallback` (default: master).
 
     Raises GitBaseBranchNotFoundError if neither exists.
-    Raises GitError for other git failures (e.g., not a git repository).
+    Raises GitRunError for other git failures (e.g., not a git repository).
     """
-    last_missing_error: GitError | None = None
+    last_missing_error: GitRunError | None = None
 
     for candidate in (preferred, fallback):
         try:
             run(["rev-parse", "--verify", candidate], cwd=cwd)
             return candidate
-        except GitError as exc:
+        except GitRunError as exc:
             if _is_branch_missing_error(exc):
                 last_missing_error = exc
                 continue

src/pkgmgr/core/git/run.py

@@ -3,7 +3,12 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import subprocess
 from typing import List
 
-from .errors import GitError
+from .errors import GitRunError, GitNotRepositoryError
+
+
+def _is_not_repo_error(stderr: str) -> bool:
+    msg = (stderr or "").lower()
+    return "not a git repository" in msg
 
 
 def run(
@@ -17,7 +22,7 @@ def run(
 
     If preview=True, the command is printed but NOT executed.
 
-    Raises GitError if execution fails.
+    Raises GitRunError (or a subclass) if execution fails.
     """
     cmd = ["git"] + args
     cmd_str = " ".join(cmd)
@@ -36,11 +41,19 @@ def run(
             text=True,
         )
     except subprocess.CalledProcessError as exc:
-        raise GitError(
+        stderr = exc.stderr or ""
+        if _is_not_repo_error(stderr):
+            raise GitNotRepositoryError(
+                f"Not a git repository: {cwd!r}\n"
+                f"Command: {cmd_str}\n"
+                f"STDERR:\n{stderr}"
+            ) from exc
+
+        raise GitRunError(
             f"Git command failed in {cwd!r}: {cmd_str}\n"
             f"Exit code: {exc.returncode}\n"
             f"STDOUT:\n{exc.stdout}\n"
-            f"STDERR:\n{exc.stderr}"
+            f"STDERR:\n{stderr}"
         ) from exc
 
     return result.stdout.strip()

src/pkgmgr/core/repository/verify.py

@@ -1,48 +1,37 @@
-import subprocess
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+from pkgmgr.core.git.queries import (
+    get_head_commit,
+    get_latest_signing_key,
+    get_remote_head_commit,
+    GitLatestSigningKeyQueryError,
+    GitRemoteHeadCommitQueryError,
+)
+
 
 def verify_repository(repo, repo_dir, mode="local", no_verification=False):
-    """
+    _ = no_verification
-    Verifies the repository based on its 'verified' field.
 
-    The 'verified' field can be a dictionary with the following keys:
-      commit:   The expected commit hash.
-      gpg_keys: A list of valid GPG key IDs (at least one must match the signing key).
-
-    If mode == "pull", the remote HEAD commit is checked via "git ls-remote origin HEAD".
-    Otherwise (mode "local", used for install and clone), the local HEAD commit is checked via "git rev-parse HEAD".
-
-    Returns a tuple:
-      (verified_ok, error_details, commit_hash, signing_key)
-        - verified_ok: True if the verification passed (or no verification info is set), False otherwise.
-        - error_details: A list of error messages for any failed checks.
-        - commit_hash: The obtained commit hash.
-        - signing_key: The GPG key ID that signed the latest commit (obtained via "git log -1 --format=%GK").
-    """
     verified_info = repo.get("verified")
-    if not verified_info:
+
-        # Nothing to verify.
     commit_hash = ""
     signing_key = ""
+
+    # best-effort info collection
+    try:
         if mode == "pull":
-            try:
+            commit_hash = get_remote_head_commit(cwd=repo_dir)
-                result = subprocess.run("git ls-remote origin HEAD", cwd=repo_dir, shell=True, check=True,
-                                          stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)
-                commit_hash = result.stdout.split()[0].strip()
-            except Exception:
-                commit_hash = ""
         else:
-            try:
+            commit_hash = get_head_commit(cwd=repo_dir) or ""
-                result = subprocess.run("git rev-parse HEAD", cwd=repo_dir, shell=True, check=True,
+    except GitRemoteHeadCommitQueryError:
-                                          stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)
-                commit_hash = result.stdout.strip()
-            except Exception:
         commit_hash = ""
+
     try:
-            result = subprocess.run(["git", "log", "-1", "--format=%GK"], cwd=repo_dir, shell=False, check=True,
+        signing_key = get_latest_signing_key(cwd=repo_dir)
-                                      stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)
+    except GitLatestSigningKeyQueryError:
-            signing_key = result.stdout.strip()
-        except Exception:
         signing_key = ""
+
+    if not verified_info:
         return True, [], commit_hash, signing_key
 
     expected_commit = None
@@ -51,47 +40,42 @@ def verify_repository(repo, repo_dir, mode="local", no_verification=False):
         expected_commit = verified_info.get("commit")
         expected_gpg_keys = verified_info.get("gpg_keys")
     else:
-        # If verified is a plain string, treat it as the expected commit.
         expected_commit = verified_info
 
-    error_details = []
+    error_details: list[str] = []
 
-    # Get commit hash according to the mode.
+    # strict retrieval when verification is configured
-    commit_hash = ""
     if mode == "pull":
         try:
-            result = subprocess.run("git ls-remote origin HEAD", cwd=repo_dir, shell=True, check=True,
+            commit_hash = get_remote_head_commit(cwd=repo_dir)
-                                      stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)
+        except GitRemoteHeadCommitQueryError as exc:
-            commit_hash = result.stdout.split()[0].strip()
+            error_details.append(str(exc))
-        except Exception as e:
+            commit_hash = ""
-            error_details.append(f"Error retrieving remote commit: {e}")
     else:
-        try:
+        commit_hash = get_head_commit(cwd=repo_dir) or ""
-            result = subprocess.run("git rev-parse HEAD", cwd=repo_dir, shell=True, check=True,
-                                      stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)
-            commit_hash = result.stdout.strip()
-        except Exception as e:
-            error_details.append(f"Error retrieving local commit: {e}")
 
-    # Get the signing key using "git log -1 --format=%GK"
-    signing_key = ""
     try:
-        result = subprocess.run(["git", "log", "-1", "--format=%GK"], cwd=repo_dir, shell=False, check=True,
+        signing_key = get_latest_signing_key(cwd=repo_dir)
-                                  stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, text=True)
+    except GitLatestSigningKeyQueryError as exc:
-        signing_key = result.stdout.strip()
+        error_details.append(str(exc))
-    except Exception as e:
+        signing_key = ""
-        error_details.append(f"Error retrieving signing key: {e}")
 
     commit_check_passed = True
     gpg_check_passed = True
 
     if expected_commit:
-        if commit_hash != expected_commit:
+        if not commit_hash:
+            commit_check_passed = False
+            error_details.append(f"Expected commit: {expected_commit}, but could not determine current commit.")
+        elif commit_hash != expected_commit:
             commit_check_passed = False
             error_details.append(f"Expected commit: {expected_commit}, found: {commit_hash}")
 
     if expected_gpg_keys:
-        if signing_key not in expected_gpg_keys:
+        if not signing_key:
+            gpg_check_passed = False
+            error_details.append(f"Expected one of GPG keys: {expected_gpg_keys}, but no signing key was found.")
+        elif signing_key not in expected_gpg_keys:
             gpg_check_passed = False
             error_details.append(f"Expected one of GPG keys: {expected_gpg_keys}, found: {signing_key}")
 

tests/e2e/test_changelog_commands.py

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ class TestIntegrationChangelogCommands(unittest.TestCase):
         """
         Run 'pkgmgr changelog HEAD~5..HEAD' inside the pkgmgr repo.
         Selbst wenn HEAD~5 nicht existiert, sollte der Befehl den
-        GitError intern behandeln und mit Exit-Code 0 beenden
+        GitBaseError intern behandeln und mit Exit-Code 0 beenden
         (es wird dann eine [ERROR]-Zeile gedruckt).
 
         Wird übersprungen, wenn das pkgmgr-Repo nicht lokal vorhanden ist.